Interpretation Of Lab Test Profiles
This is a fairly encyclopedic source for assistance in
interpreting many of the routine lab tests found in commonly
ordered blood work profiles. It is aimed primarily at med students
and residents, but others with some general background in human
physiology may find it useful.
Interpretation Of Lab Test Profiles was compiled and written by Ed
Uthman, MD (uthman@neosoft.com).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Many thanks to Michael Gayler, FIBMS, DMS, CertHSm (MLSO2, Department
of Chemical Pathology, Leicester Royal Infirmary)
gaylers@zetnet.co.uk for the excellent review and comments, and for
the labor of translating American to SI units.
NOTE
Please send all constructive comments regarding this FAQ to Ed Uthman,
MD uthman@neosoft.com. I am especially interested in correcting any
errors of commission or omission.
DISCLAIMER
This article is provided "as is" without any express or implied
warranties. While reasonable effort has been made to ensure the
accuracy of the information, the author assumes no responsibility for
errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from use of the
information herein.
Copyright (c) 1994-97, Edward O. Uthman. This material may be reformatted
and/or freely distributed via online services or other media, as long as
it is not substantively altered. Authors, educators, and others are
welcome to use any ideas presented herein, but I would ask for
acknowledgment in any published work derived therefrom. Commercial use
is not allowed without the prior written consent of the author.
version 2.1, 9/10/97
01 Interpretation Of Lab Test Profiles- Ed Uthman, MD ...
02 REFERENCE RANGES ("normal ranges") - Because reference ranges (except for some lipid studies) ...
03 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT: America against the world - American labs use a different version of the metric system ...
04 SODIUM - Increase in serum sodium is seen in conditions with water ...
05 POTASSIUM - Increase in serum potassium is seen in states characterized ...
06 CHLORIDE - Increase in serum chloride is seen in dehydration, ...
07 CO2 CONTENT - Increase in serum CO2 content for the most part ...
08 ANION GAP - Increased serum anion gap reflects the presence of ...
09 GLUCOSE - Hyperglycemia can be diagnosed only in relation to ...
10 UREA NITROGEN (BUN) - Serum urea nitrogen (BUN) is increased in acute and ...
11 CREATININE - Increase in serum creatinine is seen any renal ...
12 BUN:CREATININE RATIO - BUN:creatinine ratio is usually >20:1 in prerenal and ...
13 URIC ACID - Increase in serum uric acid is seen idiopathically and in ...
14 INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS - Hyperphosphatemia may occur in myeloma, Paget's disease ...
15 CALCIUM - Hypercalcemia is seen in malignant neoplasms (with or ...
16 IRON - Serum iron may be increased in hemolytic, megaloblastic, ...
17 ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (ALP) - Increased serum alkaline phosphatase is seen in states ...
18 LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (LD or "LDH") - Increase of LD activity in serum may occur in any injury ...
19 ALT (SGPT) - Increase of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT, ...
20 AST (SGOT) - Increase of aspartate aminotransferase (AST, formerly ...
21 GGTP (GAMMA-GT) - Gamma-glutamyltransferase is markedly increased in ...
22 BILIRUBIN - Serum total bilirubin is increased in hepatocellular ...
23 Drugs known to cause cholestasis include the following:
24 Drugs known to cause hepatocellular damage include the following:
25 TOTAL PROTEIN - Increase in serum total protein reflects increases in albumin,...
26 ALBUMIN - Increased absolute serum albumin content is not seen as ...
27 GLOBULIN, A/G RATIO - Globulin is increased disproportionately to ...
28 T3 UPTAKE - This test measures the amount of thyroxine-binding ...
29 THYROXINE (T4) - This is a measurement of the total thyroxine in the serum,...
30 FTI (T7) - This is a convenient parameter with mathematically accounts ...
31 ASSESSMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK: Triglycerides, Cholesterol, HDL Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol, Chol/HDL ratio - All of these studies find greatest utility in assessing the risk ...
32 TRIGLYCERIDES - Markedly increased triglycerides (>500 mg/dL) usually ...
33 RBC (Red Blood Cell) COUNT - The RBC count is most useful as raw data for calculation of ...
34 HEMOGLOBIN, HEMATOCRIT, MCV (mean corpuscular volume), MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin), MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) - Strictly speaking, anemia is defined as a decrease in total body ...
35 POLYCYTHEMIA - Polycythemia is defined as an increase in total body erythrocyte mass....
36 RDW (Red cell Distribution Width) - The red cell distribution width is a numerical expression ...
37 PLATELET COUNT - Thrombocytosis is seen in many inflammatory disorders ...
38 WBC (White Blood Cell) COUNT - The WBC is really a nonparameter, since it simply represents ...
39 GRANULOCYTES - Granulocytes include neutrophils (bands and segs), eosinophils,...
40 NEUTROPHILS - Neutrophilia is seen in any acute insult to the body,...
41 EOSINOPHILS - Eosinophilia is seen in allergic disorders and ...
42 BASOPHILS- Basophilia, if absolute (see above) and of marked ...
43 LYMPHOCYTES - Lymphocytosis is seen in infectious mononucleosis, ...
44 MONOCYTES - Monocytosis is seen in the recovery phase of many ...
45 REFERENCES- Tietz, Norbert W., Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests,...