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==Early life and activism==
==Early life and activism==
Jonas was born in 1960 in [[Uitenhage]] in the former [[Cape Province]] (now the [[Eastern Cape]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mcebisi Jonas |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/mcebisi-jonas/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> He matriculated at Newell High School in [[Port Elizabeth]] and studied history and sociology at [[Vista University]], where he completed a Bachelor of Arts. He later obtained a higher diploma in education at [[Rhodes University]].'''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Mcebisi Hubert Jonas, Mr |url=https://www.gov.za/about-government/contact-directory/mcebisi-hubert-jonas-mr |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=South African Government}}</ref>'''
Jonas was born in 1960 in [[Uitenhage]] in the former [[Cape Province]] (now the [[Eastern Cape]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mcebisi Jonas |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/mcebisi-jonas/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> He matriculated at Newell High School in [[Port Elizabeth]] and studied history and sociology at [[Vista University]], where he completed a Bachelor of Arts. He later obtained a higher diploma in education at [[Rhodes University]].'''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Mcebisi Hubert Jonas, Mr |url=https://www.gov.za/about-government/contact-directory/mcebisi-hubert-jonas-mr |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=South African Government}}</ref>'''


Jonas became active in politics as a teenager in Port Elizabeth during [[apartheid]].'''<ref name=":1" />''' In the early 1980s, he was involved in the [[Black Consciousness Movement]], including as an organiser in the [[Azanian Students' Organisation]], and he was a founding member of the Eastern Cape branch of the [[United Democratic Front (South Africa)|United Democratic Front]].'''<ref name=":1" />''' He later went into exile with [[UMkhonto weSizwe|Umkhonto we Sizwe]] (MK), the armed wing of the [[African National Congress]] (ANC). According to his official résumé, he received military training in Angola and Uganda and was recruited by the [[United Nations]] to run an educational programme for his fellow MK cadres.'''<ref name=":1" />''' He returned to South Africa during the [[Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa|negotiations to end apartheid]] and became active in the newly legalised activities of the ANC and [[South African Communist Party]] in the Eastern Cape.'''<ref name=":1" />'''
Jonas became active in politics as a teenager in Port Elizabeth during [[apartheid]].'''<ref name=":1" />''' In the early 1980s, he was involved in the [[Black Consciousness Movement]], including as an organiser in the [[Azanian Students' Organisation]], and he was a founding member of the Eastern Cape branch of the [[United Democratic Front (South Africa)|United Democratic Front]].'''<ref name=":1" />''' He later went into exile with [[UMkhonto weSizwe|Umkhonto we Sizwe]] (MK), the armed wing of the [[African National Congress]] (ANC). According to his official résumé, he received military training in Angola and Uganda and was recruited by the [[United Nations]] to run an educational programme for his fellow MK cadres.'''<ref name=":1" />''' He returned to South Africa during the [[Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa|negotiations to end apartheid]] and became active in the newly legalised activities of the ANC and [[South African Communist Party]] in the Eastern Cape.'''<ref name=":1" />'''


== Early post-apartheid career ==
== Early post-apartheid career ==
During the early post-apartheid era, Jonas held a series of positions in [[Economic development|development]] planning in the Eastern Cape. Among other positions, he was a general manager at Afesis-corplan, then the CEO at the Eastern Cape Socio-Economic Consultative Council from 1997 to 1999, and then the CEO of the Centre for Investment and Marketing in the Eastern Cape from 1999 to 2000.<ref name=":1" /> Between 2000 and 2004, he was CEO of the Eastern Cape Development Corporation (ECDC), a [[State-owned enterprises of South Africa|state-owned entity]].<ref name=":1" /> In addition, he was a member of the ANC's [[Provincial Executive Committees of the African National Congress|Provincial Executive Committee]] in the Eastern Cape between 1997 and 2004.<ref name=":1" />
⚫
In December 2006, Jonas attended the ANC's provincial elective conference at [[University of Fort Hare|Fort Hare]] in [[Alice, South Africa|Alice]], where he was one of two candidates for election as [[Provincial Chairperson of the African National Congress|provincial chairperson]] of the Eastern Cape ANC. Jonas was viewed as aligned to ascendant national politician [[Jacob Zuma]], while his opponent, [[Stone Sizani]], was a supporter of incumbent president [[Thabo Mbeki]], Zuma's primary rival.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2006-11-24 |title=A fight to crown a king |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2006-11-24-a-fight-to-crown-king/ |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>'''<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2006-12-08 |title=‘Patronage cost the left’ |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2006-12-08-patronage-cost-the-left/ |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>''' He also had the support of the outgoing provincial chairperson, [[Makhenkesi Stofile]].<ref name=":2" /> However, Sizani beat him by just under 200 votes, across a total of 1,509 ballots.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-12-03 |title=Stone Sizani named as Eastern Cape ANC leader |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2006-12-03-stone-sizani-named-as-eastern-cape-anc-leader/ |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>

Jonas left the ECDC acrimoniously, sacked during a board meeting in November 2004.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2005-09-15 |title=‘Heavy hand’ behind hotel deal |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2005-09-15-heavy-hand-behind-hotel-deal/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> His dismissal was viewed as part of a "[[purge]]" inside the ANC, led by Eastern Cape Premier [[Nosimo Balindlela]] and targeting allies of Balindlela's rivals, [[Enoch Godongwana]] and [[Makhenkesi Stofile]].<ref name=":5" /> After his departure from ECDC, Jonas and two senior ECDC officials were indicted on criminal charges, accused of [[Fraud|defrauding]] investors in a deal in which ECDC had been involved.<ref name=":5" /> In September 2005, the charges against them were dismissed, with [[Eastern Cape High Court]] judge Dayalin Chetty finding that there was "not a shred of evidence even remotely implicating the accused".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-09-23 |title=E Cape ruling exposes political ploy |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2005-09-23-e-cape-ruling-exposes-political-ploy/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>

⚫
In December 2006, Jonas attended the ANC's provincial elective conference at [[University of Fort Hare|Fort Hare]] in [[Alice, South Africa|Alice]], where he was one of two candidates for election as [[Provincial Chairperson of the African National Congress|provincial chairperson]] of the Eastern Cape ANC. Jonas was viewed as aligned to ascendant national politician [[Jacob Zuma]], while his opponent, [[Stone Sizani]], was a supporter of incumbent president [[Thabo Mbeki]], Zuma's primary rival.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2006-11-24 |title=A fight to crown a king |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2006-11-24-a-fight-to-crown-king/ |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>'''<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2006-12-08 |title=‘Patronage cost the left’ |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2006-12-08-patronage-cost-the-left/ |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>''' He also had the support of the outgoing provincial chairperson, Makhenkesi Stofile.<ref name=":2" /> However, Sizani beat him by just under 200 votes, across a total of 1,509 ballots.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-12-03 |title=Stone Sizani named as Eastern Cape ANC leader |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2006-12-03-stone-sizani-named-as-eastern-cape-anc-leader/ |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>


Nonetheless, in 2007, Jonas returned to the ANC Provincial Executive Committee.<ref name=":1" /> Later that year he joined the [[Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature]], filling an ANC seat, and he chaired the legislature's Portfolio Committee on Human Settlements for the next two years.<ref name=":1" />
Nonetheless, in 2007, Jonas returned to the ANC Provincial Executive Committee.<ref name=":1" /> Later that year he joined the [[Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature]], filling an ANC seat, and he chaired the legislature's Portfolio Committee on Human Settlements for the next two years.<ref name=":1" />
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== Deputy Minister of Finance: 2014–2017 ==
== Deputy Minister of Finance: 2014–2017 ==
In the [[2014 South African general election|May 2014 general election]], Jonas was elected to an ANC seat in the [[National Assembly of South Africa|National Assembly]], the lower house of the [[South African Parliament]]. He was elected fourth on the ANC's party list for the [[Eastern Cape (National Assembly of South Africa constituency)|Eastern Cape constituency]].<ref name=":3" /> On 25 May 2014, announcing [[Second Cabinet of Jacob Zuma|his second-term cabinet]], President Jacob Zuma appointed him as [[Minister of Finance (South Africa)|Deputy Minister of Finance]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-25 |title=Zuma’s Cabinet: Nene for Gordhan, Nathi for Nathi |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2014-05-25-chosen-ones-zuma-bares-his-cabinet/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> At first he deputised Finance Minister [[Nhlanhla Nene]]. However, in [[Presidency of Jacob Zuma#Dismissal of Nhlanhla Nene: December 2015|a controversial reshuffle]] on 9 December 2015, Nene was sacked and replaced by little-known backbencher [[David van Rooyen|Des van Rooyen]].<ref name="NeneRemoved2">{{cite web |author=Letsoalo, Matuma |date=9 December 2015 |title=Nhlanhla Nene removed as finance minister |url=http://mg.co.za/article/2015-12-09-nhlanhla-nene-removed-as-finance-minister |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109073930/http://mg.co.za/article/2015-12-09-nhlanhla-nene-removed-as-finance-minister |archive-date=9 January 2016 |access-date=5 January 2016 |website=[[Mail & Guardian]]}}</ref> Days later van Rooyen was removed and replaced, in turn, by [[Pravin Gordhan]].<ref name="RanjeniMunusamy2">{{cite web |author=Munusamy, Ranjeni |date=14 December 2015 |title=Zuma climbs down, Gordhan takes up SA's rescue mission |url=http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2015-12-14-zuma-climbs-down-gordhan-takes-up-sas-rescue-mission/#.VovuaPl96Uk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109073931/http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2015-12-14-zuma-climbs-down-gordhan-takes-up-sas-rescue-mission/#.VovuaPl96Uk |archive-date=9 January 2016 |access-date=5 January 2016 |website=[[The Daily Maverick]]}}</ref>


=== Gupta allegations: 2016 ===
=== Gupta allegations: 2016 ===
On 8 March 2016, the English ''[[Financial Times]]'' printed Jonas's allegation that the [[Gupta brothers]] had him the post of Minister of Finance shortly before van Rooyen was given the job, implying that they had significant influence over cabinet appointments.<ref>{{Cite news |last=England |first=Andrew |date=2016-03-08 |title=South Africa: The power of the family business |url=https://www.ft.com/content/abd6e034-e519-11e5-a09b-1f8b0d268c39 |access-date=2022-01-13 |work=Financial Times}}</ref> Jonas said that he had rejected the offer immediately because "it makes a mockery of our hard earned democracy".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-16 |title=‘Guptas offered me Finance Minister position’ – Mcebisi Jonas |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2016-03-16-guptas-offered-me-finance-minister-position-mcebisi-jonas/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> The Guptas denied the allegation,<ref name=":110">{{Cite news |last=England |first=Andrew |date=2016-03-16 |title=S Africa minister alleges Guptas offered him Treasury chief role |url=https://www.ft.com/content/76f6b6dc-eb90-11e5-888e-2eadd5fbc4a4 |access-date=2022-01-13 |work=Financial Times}}</ref> as did Zuma, who reminded Parliament that only he had the power to appoint ministers.<ref name="N24zumarelationship2">{{cite web |date=23 March 2016 |title=Zuma defends relationship with Guptas – report |url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/zuma-defends-relationship-with-guptas-report-20160323 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328160409/http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/zuma-defends-relationship-with-guptas-report-20160323 |archive-date=28 March 2016 |access-date=30 March 2016 |website=News24}}</ref>
On 8 March 2016, the English ''[[Financial Times]]'' printed Jonas's allegation that the [[Gupta brothers]] had him the post of Minister of Finance shortly before van Rooyen was given the job, implying that had significant influence over cabinet appointments.<ref>{{Cite news |last=England |first=Andrew |date=2016-03-08 |title=South Africa: The power of the family business |url=https://www.ft.com/content/abd6e034-e519-11e5-a09b-1f8b0d268c39 |access-date=2022-01-13 |work=Financial Times}}</ref> Jonas said that he had rejected the offer immediately because "it makes a mockery of our hard earned democracy".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-16 |title=‘Guptas offered me Finance Minister position’ – Mcebisi Jonas |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2016-03-16-guptas-offered-me-finance-minister-position-mcebisi-jonas/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> The Guptas denied the allegation,<ref name=":110">{{Cite news |last=England |first=Andrew |date=2016-03-16 |title=S Africa minister alleges Guptas offered him Treasury chief role |url=https://www.ft.com/content/76f6b6dc-eb90-11e5-888e-2eadd5fbc4a4 |access-date=2022-01-13 |work=Financial Times}}</ref> as did Zuma, who reminded Parliament that only he had the power to appoint ministers.<ref name="N24zumarelationship2">{{cite web |date=23 March 2016 |title=Zuma defends relationship with Guptas – report |url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/zuma-defends-relationship-with-guptas-report-20160323 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328160409/http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/zuma-defends-relationship-with-guptas-report-20160323 |archive-date=28 March 2016 |access-date=30 March 2016 |website=News24}}</ref>


The story ignited a major controversy about the putative [[State capture|capture]] of the [[Presidency of Jacob Zuma|Zuma administration]].<ref name="N24statecapture2">{{cite web |date=27 March 2016 |title=Parliament must deal with 'state capture' – DA |url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/parliament-must-deal-with-state-capture-da-20160327 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327164125/http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/parliament-must-deal-with-state-capture-da-20160327 |archive-date=27 March 2016 |access-date=30 March 2016 |website=News24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-03-16 |title=South Africa Gupta row: Mcebisi Jonas 'offered job' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-35826630 |access-date=2024-07-07 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> In addition, politician [[Vytjie Mentor]] and public servant [[Themba Maseko]] both came forward with their own accusations about improper advances by the Guptas.<ref>{{Cite news |last=England |first=Andrew |date=2016-03-17 |title=Pressure on South Africa's Jacob Zuma grows over Gupta storm |url=https://www.ft.com/content/d1d15888-ec4d-11e5-bb79-2303682345c8 |access-date=2022-01-13 |work=Financial Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Maromo |first=Jonisayi |date=2016-03-23 |title=Leaders weigh in on 'pornographic' levels of state capture in SA |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2016-03-23-analysts-weigh-in-on-pornographic-levels-of-state-capture-in-sa/ |access-date=2022-01-13 |website=[[Mail & Guardian]] |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Jonas was interviewed by the [[Public Protector]], [[Thuli Madonsela]], as part of her investigation into state capture, and Madonsela's report revealed additional details of his meeting with the Guptas, including that he had been offered a [[South African rand|R]]600 million payout, in addition to the job of Finance Minister, and that [[Duduzane Zuma]] and [[Fana Hlongwane]] had both been present at the meeting.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 November 2016 |title=The day I turned down R600 million from the Guptas – Mcebisi Jonas |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2016-11-03-the-day-i-turned-down-r600-million-from-the-guptas-mcebisi-jonas/ |access-date=7 July 2024 |work=Sunday Times}}</ref>
The story ignited a major controversy about the putative [[State capture|capture]] of the [[Presidency of Jacob Zuma|Zuma administration]].<ref name="N24statecapture2">{{cite web |date=27 March 2016 |title=Parliament must deal with 'state capture' – DA |url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/parliament-must-deal-with-state-capture-da-20160327 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327164125/http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/parliament-must-deal-with-state-capture-da-20160327 |archive-date=27 March 2016 |access-date=30 March 2016 |website=News24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-03-16 |title=South Africa Gupta row: Mcebisi Jonas 'offered job' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-35826630 |access-date=2024-07-07 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> In addition, politician [[Vytjie Mentor]] and public servant [[Themba Maseko]] both came forward with their own accusations about improper advances by the Guptas.<ref>{{Cite news |last=England |first=Andrew |date=2016-03-17 |title=Pressure on South Africa's Jacob Zuma grows over Gupta storm |url=https://www.ft.com/content/d1d15888-ec4d-11e5-bb79-2303682345c8 |access-date=2022-01-13 |work=Financial Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Maromo |first=Jonisayi |date=2016-03-23 |title=Leaders weigh in on 'pornographic' levels of state capture in SA |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2016-03-23-analysts-weigh-in-on-pornographic-levels-of-state-capture-in-sa/ |access-date=2022-01-13 |website=[[Mail & Guardian]] |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Jonas was interviewed by the [[Public Protector]], [[Thuli Madonsela]], as part of her investigation into state capture, and Madonsela's report revealed additional details of his meeting with the Guptas, including that he had been offered a [[South African rand|R]]600 million payout, in addition to the job of Finance Minister, and that [[Duduzane Zuma]] and [[Fana Hlongwane]] had both been present at the meeting.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 November 2016 |title=The day I turned down R600 million from the Guptas – Mcebisi Jonas |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2016-11-03-the-day-i-turned-down-r600-million-from-the-guptas-mcebisi-jonas/ |access-date=7 July 2024 |work=Sunday Times}}</ref>


=== Dismissal: 2017 ===
=== Dismissal: 2017 ===
On 27 March 2017, Jonas and Gordhan were in [[London|London, England]], launching an international investor roadshow, when Zuma's office ordered them to cancel their appearances and return to South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-27 |title=Rand dives after Zuma orders Gordhan, Jonas to return from UK |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2017-03-27-rand-dips-after-zuma-orders-gordhan-jonas-to-return-from-uk/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> In the early hours of 31 March, Zuma announced a major cabinet reshuffle in which both Jonas and Gordhan were sacked. They were replaced by [[Sfiso Buthelezi]] and [[Malusi Gigaba]] respectively.<ref>{{cite news |date=30 March 2017 |title=President Jacob Zuma has fired finance minister Pravin Gordhan |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2017-03-30-report-president-jacob-zuma-has-fired-finance-minister-pravin-gordhan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404220417/https://mg.co.za/article/2017-03-30-report-president-jacob-zuma-has-fired-finance-minister-pravin-gordhan |archive-date=4 April 2017 |access-date=12 April 2017 |work=[[Mail & Guardian]]}}</ref>
On 27 March 2017, Jonas and Gordhan were in [[London|London, England]], launching an international investor roadshow, when Zuma's office ordered them to cancel their appearances and return to South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-27 |title=Rand dives after Zuma orders Gordhan, Jonas to return from UK |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2017-03-27-rand-dips-after-zuma-orders-gordhan-jonas-to-return-from-uk/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> In the early hours of 31 March, Zuma announced a major cabinet reshuffle in which both Jonas and Gordhan were sacked. They were replaced by [[Sfiso Buthelezi]] and [[Malusi Gigaba]] respectively.<ref>{{cite news |date=30 March 2017 |title=President Jacob Zuma has fired finance minister Pravin Gordhan |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2017-03-30-report-president-jacob-zuma-has-fired-finance-minister-pravin-gordhan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404220417/https://mg.co.za/article/2017-03-30-report-president-jacob-zuma-has-fired-finance-minister-pravin-gordhan |archive-date=4 April 2017 |access-date=12 April 2017 |work=[[Mail & Guardian]]}}</ref>


Senior ANC leaders, including deputy president [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] and chief whip [[Jackson Mthembu]], [[Presidency of Jacob Zuma#Dismissal of Pravin Gordhan: March 2017|severely criticised]] the reshuffle,<ref name=":013">{{cite web |last1=Onishi |first1=Norimitsu |last2=Chanmarch |first2=Sewell |date=31 March 2017 |title=Firing of South Africa's Finance Minister Widens a Political Rift |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/31/world/africa/south-africa-pravin-gordhan-jacob-zuma.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207013709/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/31/world/africa/south-africa-pravin-gordhan-jacob-zuma.html |archive-date=7 December 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> sparking dissent against Zuma in the party and leading the ''[[Daily Maverick]]'' to label Jonas and Gordhan "the faces of the resistance movement".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Munusamy |first=Ranjeni |date=2017-03-31 |title=Pravin Gordhan and Mcebisi Jonas: The Faces of the Resistance |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2017-04-01-pravin-gordhan-and-mcebisi-jonas-the-faces-of-the-resistance/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> Their dismissals were among the grievances voiced at the so-called [[Presidency of Jacob Zuma#Zuma Must Fall protests: April 2017|#ZumaMustFall]] protests of early April 2017.<ref name=":210">{{Cite web |last=Frassinelli |first=Pier Paolo |date=2017-04-22 |title=Survey sheds light on who marched against Zuma and why |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2017-04-22-survey-sheds-light-on-who-marched-against-zuma-and-why/ |access-date=2022-01-14 |website=[[Mail & Guardian]] |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Meanwhile, on 6 April, the ANC confirmed that Jonas had resigned his seat in Parliament in the aftermath of the reshuffle. His resignation took effect on 31 March, the day the reshuffle was announced.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-06 |title=Mcebisi Jonas resigns as ANC MP |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2017-04-06-mcebisi-jonas-resigns-as-anc-mp/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>
Senior ANC leaders, including deputy president [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] and chief whip [[Jackson Mthembu]], [[Presidency of Jacob Zuma#Dismissal of Pravin Gordhan: March 2017|severely criticised]] the reshuffle,<ref name=":013">{{cite web |last1=Onishi |first1=Norimitsu |last2=Chanmarch |first2=Sewell |date=31 March 2017 |title=Firing of South Africa's Finance Minister Widens a Political Rift |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/31/world/africa/south-africa-pravin-gordhan-jacob-zuma.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207013709/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/31/world/africa/south-africa-pravin-gordhan-jacob-zuma.html |archive-date=7 December 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> sparking dissent against Zuma in the party and leading the ''[[Daily Maverick]]'' to label Jonas and Gordhan "the faces of the resistance movement".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Munusamy |first=Ranjeni |date=2017-03-31 |title=Pravin Gordhan and Mcebisi Jonas: The Faces of the Resistance |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2017-04-01-pravin-gordhan-and-mcebisi-jonas-the-faces-of-the-resistance/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> Their dismissals were among the grievances voiced at the so-called [[Presidency of Jacob Zuma#Zuma Must Fall protests: April 2017|#ZumaMustFall]] protests of early April 2017.<ref name=":210">{{Cite web |last=Frassinelli |first=Pier Paolo |date=2017-04-22 |title=Survey sheds light on who marched against Zuma and why |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2017-04-22-survey-sheds-light-on-who-marched-against-zuma-and-why/ |access-date=2022-01-14 |website=[[Mail & Guardian]] |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Meanwhile, on 6 April, the ANC confirmed that Jonas had resigned his seat in Parliament in the aftermath of the reshuffle. His resignation took effect on 31 March, the day the reshuffle was announced.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-06 |title=Mcebisi Jonas resigns as ANC MP |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2017-04-06-mcebisi-jonas-resigns-as-anc-mp/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>


== Later career ==
== Later career ==
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Former deputy president Ramaphosa [[2018 South African presidential election|replaced]] Zuma as president in late February 2018, and his [[State of the Nation Address (South Africa)|State of the Nation Address]] included a commitment to an ambitious investment drive. In April 2018, he announced that he had appointed Jonas and three others – [[Trevor Manuel]], Phumzile Langeni, and [[Jacko Maree]] – as his [[special envoys]] on investment, tasked with helping to achieve the target of [[US$]]100 billion in new [[Foreign direct investment in South Africa|foreign investment]] over five years.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2018 |title=President Cyril Ramaphosa on launch of the New Investment Drive |url=https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/president-cyril-ramaphosa-launch-new-investment-drive-16-apr-2018 |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=South African Government}}</ref>
Former deputy president Ramaphosa [[2018 South African presidential election|replaced]] Zuma as president in late February 2018, and his [[State of the Nation Address (South Africa)|State of the Nation Address]] included a commitment to an ambitious investment drive. In April 2018, he announced that he had appointed Jonas and three others – [[Trevor Manuel]], Phumzile Langeni, and [[Jacko Maree]] – as his [[special envoys]] on investment, tasked with helping to achieve the target of [[US$]]100 billion in new [[Foreign direct investment in South Africa|foreign investment]] over five years.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2018 |title=President Cyril Ramaphosa on launch of the New Investment Drive |url=https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/president-cyril-ramaphosa-launch-new-investment-drive-16-apr-2018 |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=South African Government}}</ref>


In August 2018, Jonas testified at the [[Zondo Commission]], established under Justice [[Raymond Zondo]] to investigate the alleged capture of Zuma's administration. He gave a full account of his alleged meeting with [[Ajay Gupta]] in October 2015.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 August 2018 |title=State capture inquiry: Jonas tells the inside story of Nhlanhla Nene’s firing |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-08-24-state-capture-inquiry-jonas-tells-the-inside-story-of-nhlanhla-nenes-firing/ |access-date=7 July 2024 |work=Sunday Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bezuidenhout |first=Jessica |date=2018-08-24 |title=What the Guptas wanted from Mcebisi Jonas |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-08-24-what-the-guptas-wanted-from-mcebisi-jonas/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> Adding to his prior account, he alleged that Gupta had threatened to kill him.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 August 2018 |title=State capture inquiry: 8 things you need to know about Mcebisi Jonas, the Guptas & state capture |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-08-24-8-things-you-need-to-know-about-mcebisi-jonas-the-guptas--state-capture/ |access-date=7 July 2024 |work=Sunday Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-08-24 |title=South Africa Zuma inquiry: Gupta 'threatened to kill' over bribe offer |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-45297225 |access-date=2024-07-07 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> He appeared again at the Zondo Commission in March 2019 for cross-examination.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-15 |title=Jonas stands by his state capture testimony |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2019-03-15-jonas-stands-by-his-state-capture-testimony/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>
In August 2018, Jonas testified at the [[Zondo Commission]], established under Justice [[Raymond Zondo]] to investigate the alleged capture of Zuma's administration. He gave a full account of his alleged meeting with [[Ajay Gupta]] in October 2015.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 August 2018 |title=State capture inquiry: Jonas tells the inside story of Nhlanhla Nene’s firing |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-08-24-state-capture-inquiry-jonas-tells-the-inside-story-of-nhlanhla-nenes-firing/ |access-date=7 July 2024 |work=Sunday Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bezuidenhout |first=Jessica |date=2018-08-24 |title=What the Guptas wanted from Mcebisi Jonas |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-08-24-what-the-guptas-wanted-from-mcebisi-jonas/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> Adding to his prior account, he alleged that Gupta had threatened to kill him.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 August 2018 |title=State capture inquiry: 8 things you need to know about Mcebisi Jonas, the Guptas & state capture |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-08-24-8-things-you-need-to-know-about-mcebisi-jonas-the-guptas--state-capture/ |access-date=7 July 2024 |work=Sunday Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-08-24 |title=South Africa Zuma inquiry: Gupta 'threatened to kill' over bribe offer |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-45297225 |access-date=2024-07-07 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> He appeared again at the Zondo Commission in March 2019 for cross-examination.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-15 |title=Jonas stands by his state capture testimony |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2019-03-15-jonas-stands-by-his-state-capture-testimony/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>


In August 2019 Jonas launched his book, ''After Dawn: Hope after State Capture'', which offers a political and economic programme for recovering from [[state capture]] in South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2019 |title=Mcebisi Jonas launches After Dawn in Hyde Park, Johannesburg |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/alex-news/lnn/article/mcebisi-jonas-launches-dawn-hyde-park-johannesburg/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=Alex News |language=en-US}}</ref>
In August 2019 Jonas launched his book, ''After Dawn: Hope after State Capture'', which offers a political and economic programme for recovering from [[state capture]] in South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2019 |title=Mcebisi Jonas launches After Dawn in Hyde Park, Johannesburg |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/alex-news/lnn/article/mcebisi-jonas-launches-dawn-hyde-park-johannesburg/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=Alex News |language=en-US}}</ref>

Revision as of 22:32, 7 July 2024

Mcebisi Jonas
Jonas in September 2019
Deputy Minister of Finance
In office
26 May 2014 – 31 March 2017
PresidentJacob Zuma
Minister
Preceded byNhlanhla Nene
Succeeded bySfiso Buthelezi
Member of the National Assembly
Assembly Member
for Eastern Cape
In office
21 May 2014 – 31 March 2017
Personal details
Born
Mcebisi Hubert Jonas

1960 (age 63–64)
Uitenhage
Political partyAfrican National Congress
SpouseMatshepo Jonas
Alma materVista University
Rhodes University

Mcebisi Hubert Jonas (born 1960) is a former Deputy Finance Minister of the Government of South Africa who served from 2014 to 2016. He has also been a Member of the Executive Council for Economic Development and Environmental Affairs in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa, and was a Member of the National Assembly of South Africa from 2014 to 2017.

Jonas alleges that in 2015 the Gupta family offered him 600 million South African rand to be the next finance minister, as long as he followed their agenda.

Early life and activism

Jonas was born in 1960 in Uitenhage in the former Cape Province (now the Eastern Cape).[1] He matriculated at Newell High School in Port Elizabeth and studied history and sociology at Vista University, where he completed a Bachelor of Arts. He later obtained a higher diploma in education at Rhodes University.[2]

Jonas became active in politics as a teenager in Port Elizabeth during apartheid.[2] In the early 1980s, he was involved in the Black Consciousness Movement, including as an organiser in the Azanian Students' Organisation, and he was a founding member of the Eastern Cape branch of the United Democratic Front.[2] He later went into exile with Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC). According to his official résumé, he received military training in Angola and Uganda and was recruited by the United Nations to run an educational programme for his fellow MK cadres.[2] He returned to South Africa during the negotiations to end apartheid and became active in the newly legalised activities of the ANC and South African Communist Party in the Eastern Cape.[2]

Early post-apartheid career

During the early post-apartheid era, Jonas held a series of positions in development planning in the Eastern Cape. Among other positions, he was a general manager at Afesis-corplan, then the CEO at the Eastern Cape Socio-Economic Consultative Council from 1997 to 1999, and then the CEO of the Centre for Investment and Marketing in the Eastern Cape from 1999 to 2000.[2] Between 2000 and 2004, he was CEO of the Eastern Cape Development Corporation (ECDC), a state-owned entity.[2] In addition, he was a member of the ANC's Provincial Executive Committee in the Eastern Cape between 1997 and 2004.[2]

Jonas left the ECDC acrimoniously, sacked during a board meeting in November 2004.[3] His dismissal was viewed as part of a "purge" inside the ANC, led by Eastern Cape Premier Nosimo Balindlela and targeting allies of Balindlela's rivals, Enoch Godongwana and Makhenkesi Stofile.[3] After his departure from ECDC, Jonas and two senior ECDC officials were indicted on criminal charges, accused of defrauding investors in a deal in which ECDC had been involved.[3] In September 2005, the charges against them were dismissed, with Eastern Cape High Court judge Dayalin Chetty finding that there was "not a shred of evidence even remotely implicating the accused".[4]

In December 2006, Jonas attended the ANC's provincial elective conference at Fort Hare in Alice, where he was one of two candidates for election as provincial chairperson of the Eastern Cape ANC. Jonas was viewed as aligned to ascendant national politician Jacob Zuma, while his opponent, Stone Sizani, was a supporter of incumbent president Thabo Mbeki, Zuma's primary rival.[5][6] He also had the support of the outgoing provincial chairperson, Makhenkesi Stofile.[5] However, Sizani beat him by just under 200 votes, across a total of 1,509 ballots.[7]

Nonetheless, in 2007, Jonas returned to the ANC Provincial Executive Committee.[2] Later that year he joined the Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature, filling an ANC seat, and he chaired the legislature's Portfolio Committee on Human Settlements for the next two years.[2]

Eastern Cape Executive Council: 2009–2014

Jonas was elected to a full term in the Eastern Cape Legislature in the April 2009 general election.[8] At this point, Jonas's political influence in the province was at its peak, and the Mail & Guardian viewed him as a frontrunner for election as Premier of the Eastern Cape.[9] Noxolo Kiviet was elected instead, and in May 2009 she appointed him to the Eastern Cape Executive Council as Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for Finance, Economic Development, and Environmental Affairs.[10]

The ANC's next provincial elective conference was held in East London in September 2009. In a fierce contest, Jonas stood for the provincial chairmanship, running against his colleague in the Executive Council, Phumulo Masualle.[11] Running on an anti-communist platform,[12] Jonas was the presumed frontrunner in the race, having won the support of most of the incumbent government, as well as of the party's large branches in the Amathole District and O. R. Tambo District.[13][14] However, the vote was apparently swayed by Masualle's decision to select national minister Gugile Nkwinti as his running mate, and Masualle defeated Jonas, receiving 1,031 votes to his 930.[15] Jonas also failed to gain re-election to the Provincial Executive Committee.[2]

On 27 November 2010, Premier Kiviet announced a major reshuffle of the provincial government. In the reshuffle, the prestigious finance portfolio was removed from Jonas's brief and given to Masualle; Jonas thereafter served as MEC for Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism.[16][17] He continued in that role until the next general election in May 2014.[2]

Deputy Minister of Finance: 2014–2017

In the May 2014 general election, Jonas was elected to an ANC seat in the National Assembly, the lower house of the South African Parliament. He was elected fourth on the ANC's party list for the Eastern Cape constituency.[1] On 25 May 2014, announcing his second-term cabinet, President Jacob Zuma appointed him as Deputy Minister of Finance.[18] At first he deputised Finance Minister Nhlanhla Nene. However, in a controversial reshuffle on 9 December 2015, Nene was sacked and replaced by little-known backbencher Des van Rooyen.[19] Days later van Rooyen was removed and replaced, in turn, by Pravin Gordhan.[20]

Gupta allegations: 2016

On 8 March 2016, the English Financial Times printed Jonas's allegation that the Gupta brothers had offered him the post of Minister of Finance shortly before van Rooyen was given the job, implying that the Guptas had significant influence over cabinet appointments.[21] Jonas said that he had rejected the offer immediately because "it makes a mockery of our hard earned democracy".[22] The Guptas denied the allegation,[23] as did Zuma, who reminded Parliament that only he had the power to appoint ministers.[24]

The story ignited a major controversy about the putative capture of the Zuma administration.[25][26][27] In addition, politician Vytjie Mentor and public servant Themba Maseko both came forward with their own accusations about improper advances by the Guptas.[28][29] Jonas was interviewed by the Public Protector, Thuli Madonsela, as part of her investigation into state capture, and Madonsela's report revealed additional details of his meeting with the Guptas, including that he had been offered a R600 million payout, in addition to the job of Finance Minister, and that Duduzane Zuma and Fana Hlongwane had both been present at the meeting.[30]

Dismissal: 2017

On 27 March 2017, Jonas and Gordhan were in London, England, launching an international investor roadshow, when Zuma's office ordered them to cancel their appearances and return to South Africa.[31] In the early hours of 31 March, Zuma announced a major cabinet reshuffle in which both Jonas and Gordhan were sacked. They were replaced by Sfiso Buthelezi and Malusi Gigaba respectively.[32]

Senior ANC leaders, including deputy president Cyril Ramaphosa and chief whip Jackson Mthembu, severely criticised the reshuffle,[33] sparking dissent against Zuma in the party and leading the Daily Maverick to label Jonas and Gordhan "the faces of the resistance movement".[34] Their dismissals were among the grievances voiced at the so-called #ZumaMustFall protests of early April 2017.[35] Meanwhile, on 6 April, the ANC confirmed that Jonas had resigned his seat in Parliament in the aftermath of the reshuffle. His resignation took effect on 31 March, the day the reshuffle was announced.[36] In May he said that the situation in South Africa had "gone beyond corruption. It is a real coup."[37]

Later career

Politics

Former deputy president Ramaphosa replaced Zuma as president in late February 2018, and his State of the Nation Address included a commitment to an ambitious investment drive. In April 2018, he announced that he had appointed Jonas and three others – Trevor Manuel, Phumzile Langeni, and Jacko Maree – as his special envoys on investment, tasked with helping to achieve the target of US$100 billion in new foreign investment over five years.[38]

In August 2018, Jonas testified at the Zondo Commission, established under Justice Raymond Zondo to investigate the alleged capture of Zuma's administration. He gave a full account of his alleged meeting with Ajay Gupta in October 2015.[39][40] Adding to his prior account, he alleged that Gupta had threatened to kill him.[41][42] He appeared again at the Zondo Commission in March 2019 for cross-examination.[43] The final report of the Zondo Commission concluded that Jonas had provided credible evidence of the Guptas' influence over Zuma.[44]

In August 2019 Jonas launched his book, After Dawn: Hope after State Capture, which offers a political and economic programme for recovering from state capture in South Africa.[45]

Business

In June 2018 Mcebisi joined the MTN Group as an independent non-executive director,[46] and he was promoted to board chairperson in December 2019, succeeding Phuthuma Nhleko.[47][48] He joined the board of Magda Wierzycka's Sygnia in September 2018 and the board of Northam Platinum in November 2018.[49]

He heads Ntiso Investment Holdings, which is a leading partner in the consortium that became Apex Group's black economic empowerment partner in October 2023.[50] After the deal was finalised, Jonas resigned from the board of Sygnia to avoid a conflict of interest.[51]

References

  1. ^ a b "Mcebisi Jonas". People's Assembly. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Mcebisi Hubert Jonas, Mr". South African Government. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  3. ^ a b c "'Heavy hand' behind hotel deal". The Mail & Guardian. 15 September 2005. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  4. ^ "E Cape ruling exposes political ploy". The Mail & Guardian. 23 September 2005. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  5. ^ a b "A fight to crown a king". The Mail & Guardian. 24 November 2006. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  6. ^ "'Patronage cost the left'". The Mail & Guardian. 8 December 2006. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  7. ^ "Stone Sizani named as Eastern Cape ANC leader". The Mail & Guardian. 3 December 2006. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  8. ^ "Eastern Cape MPLs elected April 22". PoliticsWeb. 30 April 2009. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  9. ^ "Governing against the tide". Mail & Guardian. 10 May 2009. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  10. ^ "Full list of provincial cabinet members". Politicsweb. 18 May 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  11. ^ "Stage set for tense ANC election battle in Eastern Cape". The Mail & Guardian. 11 September 2009. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  12. ^ "Masualle is not 'seeking revenge'". The Mail & Guardian. 19 September 2009. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  13. ^ "Knives out in Eastern Cape ANC". The Mail & Guardian. 21 August 2009. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  14. ^ "Masualle, Jonas in face-off for top provincial ANC post". News24. 10 September 2009. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  15. ^ "ANC wrestles with funding at Eastern Cape conference". The Mail & Guardian. 14 September 2009. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  16. ^ "10 new ministries for E Cape". News24. 27 November 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  17. ^ "Eastern Cape Provincial Government and Cabinet composition". South African Government. 27 November 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  18. ^ "Zuma's Cabinet: Nene for Gordhan, Nathi for Nathi". The Mail & Guardian. 25 May 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  19. ^ Letsoalo, Matuma (9 December 2015). "Nhlanhla Nene removed as finance minister". Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 January 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  20. ^ Munusamy, Ranjeni (14 December 2015). "Zuma climbs down, Gordhan takes up SA's rescue mission". The Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 9 January 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  21. ^ England, Andrew (8 March 2016). "South Africa: The power of the family business". Financial Times. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  22. ^ "'Guptas offered me Finance Minister position' – Mcebisi Jonas". The Mail & Guardian. 16 March 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  23. ^ England, Andrew (16 March 2016). "S Africa minister alleges Guptas offered him Treasury chief role". Financial Times. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  24. ^ "Zuma defends relationship with Guptas – report". News24. 23 March 2016. Archived from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  25. ^ "Parliament must deal with 'state capture' – DA". News24. 27 March 2016. Archived from the original on 27 March 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  26. ^ "South Africa Gupta row: Mcebisi Jonas 'offered job'". BBC News. 16 March 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  27. ^ "Social media explodes after Jonas statement". The Mail & Guardian. 16 March 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  28. ^ England, Andrew (17 March 2016). "Pressure on South Africa's Jacob Zuma grows over Gupta storm". Financial Times. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  29. ^ Maromo, Jonisayi (23 March 2016). "Leaders weigh in on 'pornographic' levels of state capture in SA". Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  30. ^ "The day I turned down R600 million from the Guptas – Mcebisi Jonas". Sunday Times. 3 November 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  31. ^ "Rand dives after Zuma orders Gordhan, Jonas to return from UK". The Mail & Guardian. 27 March 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  32. ^ "President Jacob Zuma has fired finance minister Pravin Gordhan". Mail & Guardian. 30 March 2017. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  33. ^ Onishi, Norimitsu; Chanmarch, Sewell (31 March 2017). "Firing of South Africa's Finance Minister Widens a Political Rift". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 December 2017.
  34. ^ Munusamy, Ranjeni (31 March 2017). "Pravin Gordhan and Mcebisi Jonas: The Faces of the Resistance". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  35. ^ Frassinelli, Pier Paolo (22 April 2017). "Survey sheds light on who marched against Zuma and why". Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  36. ^ "Mcebisi Jonas resigns as ANC MP". The Mail & Guardian. 6 April 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  37. ^ "Shadow state created: Jonas". IOL. 19 May 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
  38. ^ "President Cyril Ramaphosa on launch of the New Investment Drive". South African Government. 16 April 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  39. ^ "State capture inquiry: Jonas tells the inside story of Nhlanhla Nene's firing". Sunday Times. 24 August 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  40. ^ Bezuidenhout, Jessica (24 August 2018). "What the Guptas wanted from Mcebisi Jonas". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  41. ^ "State capture inquiry: 8 things you need to know about Mcebisi Jonas, the Guptas & state capture". Sunday Times. 24 August 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  42. ^ "South Africa Zuma inquiry: Gupta 'threatened to kill' over bribe offer". BBC News. 24 August 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  43. ^ "Jonas stands by his state capture testimony". The Mail & Guardian. 15 March 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  44. ^ Ferreira, Emsie (29 April 2022). "Zuma was the Guptas' puppet, Zondo finds". The Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  45. ^ "Mcebisi Jonas launches After Dawn in Hyde Park, Johannesburg". Alex News. 17 August 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  46. ^ "Mcebisi Jonas appointed to MTN board". BusinessTech. 7 May 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  47. ^ "Mcebisi Jonas officially begins new role as MTN board chair". News24. 18 December 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  48. ^ "MTN Revamps Board With a Who's Who of African Heavyweights". Bloomberg.com. 3 May 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  49. ^ "Mcebisi Jonas joins boards of Sygnia and Northam Platinum". The Mail & Guardian. 3 September 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  50. ^ "Mcebisi Jonas-led consortium becomes Apex Group's new BEE partner". Business Day. 16 October 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  51. ^ "Mcebisi Jonas resigns from Sygnia after Apex investment". Business Day. 18 October 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2024.

External links

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