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Some of Steele's former colleagues expressed support for his character, saying "The idea his work is fake or a cowboy operation is false – completely untrue. Chris is an experienced and highly regarded professional. He’s not the sort of person who will simply pass on gossip." <ref name="Guardian co">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jan/12/intelligence-sources-vouch-credibility-donald-trump-russia-dossier-author|title=Donald Trump dossier: intelligence sources vouch for author's credibility|last=Hopkins|first=Nick|date=January 12, 2017|last2=Harding|first2=Luke|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=January 21, 2017}}</ref>
Some of Steele's former colleagues expressed support for his character, saying "The idea his work is fake or a cowboy operation is false – completely untrue. Chris is an experienced and highly regarded professional. He’s not the sort of person who will simply pass on gossip." <ref name="Guardian co">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jan/12/intelligence-sources-vouch-credibility-donald-trump-russia-dossier-author|title=Donald Trump dossier: intelligence sources vouch for author's credibility|last=Hopkins|first=Nick|date=January 12, 2017|last2=Harding|first2=Luke|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=January 21, 2017}}</ref>


Among journalists, [[Bob Woodward]] called the dossier a "garbage document".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://insider.foxnews.com/2017/01/16/garbage-document-woodward-says-trump-owed-apology-over-unverified-russia-dossier|title='Garbage Document': Woodward Says US Intel Should Apologize Over Trump Dossier|date=January 16, 2017|publisher=Fox News Insider}}</ref>
Among journalists, [[Bob Woodward]] called the dossier a "garbage document".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://insider.foxnews.com/2017/01/16/garbage-document-woodward-says-trump-owed-apology-over-unverified-russia-dossier|title='Garbage Document': Woodward Says US Intel Should Apologize Over Trump Dossier|date=January 16, 2017|publisher=Fox News Insider}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 05:06, 3 February 2017

File:Steele dossier.png
First page of the dossier released by BuzzFeed on January 11, 2017.[1]
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On January 11, 2017, the media reported on the existence of a private intelligence dossier containing unverified allegations of misconduct and ties between then President-elect Donald Trump and the Russian government. The dossier was written by a former British MI6 intelligence agent, Christopher Steele, who went into hiding after the release of the dossier.

The media and the intelligence community have stressed that accusations in the dossier have not been verified. Most experts treated the dossier with skepticism and caution. Trump himself has denounced the report, calling it "fake news" and "phony." A Russian government spokesman dismissed the dossier, saying its allegations were false. Steele's former colleagues have later come out in defense of his character and saying "He’s not the sort of person who will simply pass on gossip."

The document alleges that the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) has kompromat on Trump – damaging or embarrassing material which could be used to blackmail him, including allegations about Trump's sexual and financial activities in Russia. The dossier also states that the Russian government promoted Trump's candidacy to create divisions in Western alliances, and that during his presidential campaign there was exchange of information between Russian sources and people associated with Trump's campaign.

The dossier was produced as part of opposition research during the 2016 United States presidential election. The research was initially funded by Republicans who did not want Trump to be the Republican Party nominee for president. After Trump won the primaries, a Democratic client took over the funding; and, following Trump's election, Steele continued working on the report pro bono.

Contents

The 35-page dossier claims that Russia is in possession of damaging or embarrassing information about Trump which could be used for purposes of blackmail to get Trump to cooperate with the Russian government.[2] The material includes allegations about Trump's sexual and financial dealings in Russia.[3] The dossier further alleges that Trump has been cultivated and supported as a presidential candidate by Russia for over five years, with the overall aim of creating divisions between Western alliances; that Trump has extensive ties to Russia; and that there had been multiple contacts between Russian officials and people working for Trump during the campaign.[2][4]

History

Creation of the dossier

According to reports, the dossier was created as the result of an investigation initially funded by "Never Trump" Republicans and later by Democrats.[5][6][7] In September 2015, a wealthy Republican donor who opposed Trump's candidacy in the Republican primary hired Fusion GPS, an American research firm, to do opposition research on Trump. For months, Fusion GPS gathered information about Trump, focusing on his business and entertainment activities. When Trump became the presumptive nominee in May 2016, the Republican donor withdrew and the investigation contract was taken over by an unidentified Democratic client.[7][8]

In June 2016 it was revealed that the Democratic National Committee website had been hacked by Russian sources, so Fusion GPS hired Orbis Business Intelligence, a private British intelligence firm, to look into any Russian connections.[7] The investigation was undertaken by Orbis co-founder Christopher Steele, a retired British MI6 agent with expertise in Russian matters. Steele delivered his report as a series of two- or three-page memos, starting in June 2016 and continuing through December. He continued his investigation even after the client stopped paying for it following Trump's election.[7]

On his own initiative, Steele decided to also pass on the information to British and American intelligence services because he believed that the findings were a matter of national security for both countries.[9] However, he became frustrated with the FBI, which he believed was failing to investigate his reports, choosing instead to focus on investigating Hillary Clinton's emails. According to The Independent, Steele came to believe that there was a "cabal" inside the FBI, particularly its New York field office linked to Trump advisor Rudy Giuliani, which blocked any attempts to investigate the links between Trump and Russia.[9] In October 2016, he passed on what he discovered so far to a reporter from Mother Jones magazine.

Shortly after the presidential election, Senator John McCain, who had been informed about the alleged links between Kremlin and Trump, met with former British ambassador to Moscow Sir Andrew Wood. Wood confirmed the existence of the dossier and vouched for Steele.[9] McCain obtained the dossier from David J. Kramer and took it directly to FBI director James Comey himself on December 9, 2016.[7][6]

Early indications of the dossier's existence

By fall 2016, many news organizations knew about the existence of the dossier; it has been described as an "open secret" among journalists. However, they chose not to publish the information unless and until they could verify it.[7] Finally on October 31, 2016, a week before the election, Mother Jones reported that a former intelligence officer, whom they did not name, had produced a report based on Russian sources and turned it over to the FBI.[10] The report alleged that the Russian government had cultivated Trump for years:

The "Russian regime has been cultivating, supporting and assisting TRUMP for at least 5 years. Aim, endorsed by PUTIN, has been to encourage splits and divisions in western alliance." It maintained that Trump "and his inner circle have accepted a regular flow of intelligence from the Kremlin, including on his Democratic and other political rivals." It claimed that Russian intelligence had "compromised" Trump during his visits to Moscow and could "blackmail him."[10]

The report further alleged that there were multiple in-person meetings between Russian government officials and individuals established as working for Trump.[11][12] The former intelligence officer continued to share information with the FBI, and said in October 2016 that "there was or is a pretty substantial inquiry going on."[10]

Trump and Barack Obama were briefed on the existence of the dossier by the chiefs of several U.S. intelligence agencies in early January 2017. Joe Biden has confirmed that he and the president had received briefings on the dossier, and the allegations within.[13][8][14][15]

Public release

On January 10, 2017, CNN reported that classified documents presented to Obama and Trump the previous week included allegations that Russian operatives possess "compromising personal and financial information" about Trump. CNN stated that it would not publish specific details on the memos because it had not "independently corroborated the specific allegations."[16][17] Following the CNN report,[18] BuzzFeed published a 35-page dossier that it said was the basis of the briefing, including unverified claims that Russian operatives had collected "embarrassing material" involving Trump that could be used to blackmail him.[19][20][17][21] A senior U.S. intelligence official disputed CNN's claim that Trump had been previously briefed on the contents of the memos,[22] but Clapper released a statement which suggested "that CNN's original report was correct."[23]

Many news organizations knew about the document in the fall of 2016, before the presidential election, but refused to publish it because they could not independently verify the information.[24] After CNN revealed the existence of the dossier, BuzzFeed chose to publish it in full; although it acknowledged that the document was "unconfirmed" and "includes some clear errors," BuzzFeed stated that it was "publishing the full document so that Americans can make up their own minds about allegations about the president-elect that have circulated at the highest levels of the US government."[25] Buzzfeed's decision to post the full text of the dossier sparked a debate.[24][25] Buzzfeed's editor-in-chief, Ben Smith, defended the decision, writing: "Our presumption is to be transparent in our journalism and to share what we have with our readers. We have always erred on the side of publishing. In this case, the document was in wide circulation at the highest levels of American government and media."[25][26] Others, such as Washington Post media columnist Margaret Sullivan, criticized the decision to post the text, viewing it as falling short of journalistic standards.[24][25][27]

Authorship

On January 10, 2017, CNN reported on the existence of the dossier.[28] CNN's report did not name the author of the dossier, but revealed that he was British, at which point Steele concluded that his anonymity had been "fatally compromised". He realized it was "only a matter of time until his name became public knowledge," and accompanied by his family fled into hiding, and "now fears a prompt and potentially dangerous backlash against him from Moscow."[29][30][5] The Wall Street Journal revealed Steele's name on January 11.[31] Steele worked for Orbis Business Intelligence, Ltd. at the time the dossier was authored, and Orbis director Christopher Burrows would not "confirm or deny" that Orbis had produced the dossier.[28][7]

Called by the media a "highly regarded Kremlin expert" and "one of MI6's greatest 'Russia specialists", Steele formerly worked for the British intelligence agency MI6 and is currently working for Orbis Business Intelligence Ltd., a private intelligence company Steele had co-founded in London.[32][33][34][35] Steele entered the MI6 directly after his graduation from college, in 1987.[36]

Former British ambassador to Moscow Sir Andrew Wood has vouched for Steele's reputation.[9] He views Steele as a "very competent professional operator.... I take the report seriously. I don’t think it’s totally implausible." He also stated that "the report’s key allegation – that Trump and Russia’s leadership were communicating via secret back channels during the presidential campaign – was eminently plausible"[37]

On December 26, 2016, Oleg Erovinkin, a former KGB/FSB general, was found dead in his car in Moscow[38]. Erovinkin, a close aide to head of Rosneft, Igor Sechin, who is named in the dossier, was suspected of helping Christopher Steele compile the dossier on Donald Trump. Sources have called the circumstances of Erovinkin's death "mysterious," and experts stated that the death may have been part of a cover-up by the Kremlin.[39][40][41][42][43]

Veracity of the dossier

Observers and experts have had varying reactions to the dossier. Generally, "former intelligence officers and other national-security experts" urged "skepticism and caution" but still took "the fact that the nation's top intelligence officials chose to present a summary version of the dossier to both President Obama and President-elect Trump" as an indication "that they may have had a relatively high degree of confidence that at least some of the claims therein were credible, or at least worth investigating further."[44]

Vice President Biden told reporters that while he and President Obama were receiving a briefing on the extent of Russian hackers trying to influence the US election, there was a two page addendum which addressed the contents of the Steele Dossier.[45] Top intelligence officials told them they "felt obligated to inform them about uncorroborated allegations about President-elect Donald Trump out of concern the information would become public and catch them off-guard."[46]

According to Paul Wood of BBC News, the information in Steele's report is also reported by "multiple intelligence sources" and "at least one East European intelligence service." They report that there is "more than one tape, not just video, but audio as well, on more than one date, in more than one place, in both Moscow and St. Petersburg."[47][31] He added that "the CIA believes it is credible that the Kremlin has such kompromat—or compromising material— on the next US commander in chief" and "a joint taskforce, which includes the CIA and the FBI, has been investigating allegations that the Russians may have sent money to Mr Trump's organisation or his election campaign."[48][49][47]

According to Concord Monitor reporter Robert Gillette, the dossier has had at least one of its main factual assertions verified. On January 6, 2017, the Director of National Intelligence released a report assessing "with high confidence" that Russia’s combined cyber and propaganda operation was directed personally by Vladimir Putin, with the aim of harming Hillary Clinton’s candidacy and helping Trump.[50] Gillette wrote: "Steele’s dossier, paraphrasing multiple sources, reported precisely the same conclusion, in greater detail, six months earlier, in a memo dated June 20."[51]

Susan Hennessey, a former National Security Administration lawyer now with the Brookings Institution, stated: "My general take is that the intelligence community and law enforcement seem to be taking these claims seriously. That itself is highly significant. But it is not the same as these allegations being verified. Even if this was an intelligence community document—which it isn’t—this kind of raw intelligence is still treated with skepticism."[44][52] Hennessey and Benjamin Wittes wrote that "the current state of the evidence makes a powerful argument for a serious public inquiry into this matter."[52]

Former CIA analyst Patrick Skinner said that he is "neither dismissing the report nor taking its claims at face value," telling Wired: "I imagine a lot more will come out, and much will be nothing and perhaps some of it will be meaningful, and perhaps even devastating."[44] Russian investigative journalist Andrei Soldatov writes that while "many of the report’s elements appear hastily compiled", and there were many "shaky" claims, the document "rings frighteningly true" and "overall ... reflects accurately the way decision-making in the Kremlin looks to close observers."[53] Soldatov writes: "Unverifiable sensational details aside, the Trump dossier is a good reflection of how things are run in the Kremlin – the mess at the level of decision-making and increasingly the outsourcing of operations, combined with methods borrowed from the KGB and the secret services of the lawless 1990s."[53]

Newsweek published a list of "13 things that don't add up" in the dossier, writing that the document was a "strange mix of amateurish and insightful" and stating that the document "contains lots of Kremlin-related gossip that could indeed be, as the author claims, from deep insiders—or equally gleaned" from Russian newspapers and blogs.[54]

Responses

Trump called the dossier "fake news" and criticized the intelligence and media sources that published it.[55] During a press conference on January 11, 2017, Trump denounced the unsubstantiated claims as false, saying that it was "disgraceful" for U.S. intelligence agencies to report them. Trump refused to answer a question from CNN's senior White House correspondent Jim Acosta on the subject and called CNN "fake news." In response, CNN said that it had published "carefully sourced reporting" on the matter which had been "matched by the other major news organizations," as opposed to BuzzFeed's posting of "unsubstantiated materials."[56][18] James Clapper described the leaks as damaging to US national security but his statement also confirmed the original report by CNN.[23] This also contradicted Trump's previous claim that Clapper said the information was false; Clapper's statement actually said the intelligence community has made no judgement on the truth or falsity of the information.[57]

Russian press secretary Dmitry Peskov insisted in an interview that the document is a fraud, saying "I can assure you that the allegations in this funny paper, in this so-called report, they are untrue. They are all fake."[58] The President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, called the people who leaked the document "worse than prostitutes"[59] and referred to the dossier itself as "rubbish."[60] Putin went on to state he believed that the dossier was "clearly fake,"[61] fabricated as a plot against the legitimacy of President-elect Donald Trump.[62]

Some of Steele's former colleagues expressed support for his character, saying "The idea his work is fake or a cowboy operation is false – completely untrue. Chris is an experienced and highly regarded professional. He’s not the sort of person who will simply pass on gossip." [63]

Among journalists, Bob Woodward called the dossier a "garbage document," while Carl Bernstein took the opposite view, noting that the senior-most U.S. intelligence officials had determined that the content was worth reporting to the president and the president-elect.[64]

See also

References

  1. ^ Bensinger, Ken; Elder, Miriam; Schoofs, Mark (January 11, 2017). "These Reports Allege Trump Has Deep Ties To Russia". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  2. ^ a b "Donald Trump dossier: Russians point finger at MI6 over leaked intelligence report". The Telegraph. January 12, 2017.
  3. ^ Pilkington, Ed (January 12, 2017). "Russia dossier: what happens next – and could Donald Trump be impeached?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  4. ^ Haynes, Deborah (January 11, 2017). "Spy behind report knew Litvinenko". The Times.
  5. ^ a b Gordon, Raynor. "Former MI6 officer Christopher Steele, who produced Donald Trump Russian dossier, 'terrified for his safety' and went to ground before name released". The Telegraph. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
  6. ^ a b Borger, Julian (January 11, 2017), John McCain passes dossier alleging secret Trump-Russia contacts to FBI, The Guardian, retrieved January 12, 2017 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  7. ^ a b c d e f g "How a Sensational, Unverified Dossier Became a Crisis for Donald Trump". The New York Times. January 11, 2017. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
  8. ^ a b Borger, Julian (January 11, 2017). "How the Trump dossier came to light: secret sources, a retired spy and John McCain". The Guardian. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
  9. ^ a b c d "Ex-MI6 agent so worried by his Donald Trump discoveries he started working without pay". The Independent. January 13, 2017. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  10. ^ a b c Corn, David (October 31, 2016), A Veteran Spy Has Given the FBI Information Alleging a Russian Operation to Cultivate Donald Trump, Mother Jones, retrieved January 12, 2017 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
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  12. ^ "What We Know and Don't Know About the Trump-Russia Dossier". The New York Times. January 11, 2017. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
  13. ^ "John McCain intrigue grows in Donald Trump dossier affair".
  14. ^ "FBI head Comey told Trump about Russia dossier after intel briefing".
  15. ^ Staff, AOL. "Biden: Obama and I were told about Trump dossier ahead of leaks".
  16. ^ "Intel chiefs presented Trump with claims of Russian efforts to compromise him". CNN.com. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
  17. ^ a b "BuzzFeed's ridiculous rationale for publishing the Trump-Russia dossier". Washington Post. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
  18. ^ a b Sutton, Kelsey. "Trump calls CNN 'fake news,' as channel defends its reporting on intelligence briefing". Politico. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
  19. ^ Jeff Stein (January 10, 2017). "Trump, Russian Spies, and the Infamous "Golden Showers" Memos". Newsweek.
  20. ^ "U.S. Spies Warn Trump and GOP: Russia Could Get You Next". The Daily Beast. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
  21. ^ "Trump Received Unsubstantiated Report That Russia Had Damaging Information About Him". The New York Times. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
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  23. ^ a b Hartmann, Margaret. "Clapper Denounces 'Corrosive and Damaging' Trump Dossier Leak". Daily Intelligencer. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
  24. ^ a b c Ember, Sydney; Grynbaum, Michael M. (January 10, 2017). "BuzzFeed Posts Unverified Claims on Trump, Igniting a Debate". New York Times.
  25. ^ a b c d Graham, David A. (January 11, 2017). "The Trouble With Publishing the Trump Dossier". The Atlantic.
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  27. ^ Margaret Sullivan, How BuzzFeed crossed the line in publishing salacious 'dossier' on Trump, Washington Post (January 11, 2017).
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  29. ^ Staff; agencies (January 12, 2017). "Christopher Steele, ex-MI6 officer, named as author of Trump dossier". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
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  31. ^ a b "Christopher Steele, Ex-British Intelligence Officer, Said to Have Prepared Dossier on Trump". The Wall Street Journal. January 11, 2017. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  32. ^ "The ex-spy who wrote the Trump dossier is nicknamed James Bond". NBC News. January 13, 2017.
  33. ^ Hope, Bradley. "Christopher Steele, Ex-British Intelligence Officer, Said to Have Prepared Dossier on Trump". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
  34. ^ Behar, Richard. "Could This Be The British Ex-MI6 Agent Behind The Trump FBI Memos?". Forbes. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
  35. ^ John, Tara (January 13, 2017). "What to Know About Christopher Steele, Alleged Author of the Trump Dossier". Time.
  36. ^ Hughes, Chris. "First picture of British spy behind Donald Trump 'dirty dossier' revealed". Mirror. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
  37. ^ Harding, Luke; Hopkins, Nick (January 13, 2017), UK's former Moscow ambassador in spotlight over Trump dossier, The Guardian, retrieved January 18, 2017 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  38. ^ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4166610/Kremlin-covered-murder-former-KGB-chief.html
  39. ^ "Mystery death of ex-KGB chief linked to MI6 spy's dossier on Donald Trump". The Telegraph. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  40. ^ "KGB chief linked to Trump file found dead amid Kremlin cover up claims". Independent.ie. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  41. ^ Zois, Chris (January 28, 2017). "Russians suspected of aiding investigations into hacking are being arrested and possibly murdered". AOL.com. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  42. ^ "Spy linked to Trump's 'dirty dossier' dead". NewsComAu. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  43. ^ http://www.haaretz.com/us-news/1.768228
  44. ^ a b c Abigail Tracy, What Intelligence Experts Think of the Explosive Trump-Russia Report, Vanity Fair (January 11, 2017).
  45. ^ Hensch, Mark (January 12, 2017). "Biden: Intel officials warned us of Trump dossier". TheHill. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  46. ^ "Biden: Intel officials told us Trump allegations might leak". The Big Story. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  47. ^ a b "BBC claims a second source backs up Trump dossier". The Week. January 11, 2017.
  48. ^ Wood, Paul (January 12, 2017). "Trump 'compromising' claims: How and why did we get here?". BBC News.
  49. ^ Drum, Kevin (January 12, 2017). "BBC's Paul Wood: There are four sources for claims of possible Trump-Russia blackmail". Mother Jones.
  50. ^ Background to “Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections”: The Analytic Process and Cyber Incident Attribution (PDF) (Report). Office of the Director of National Intelligence. January 6, 2017.
  51. ^ "My Turn: Inside the Trump dossier". Concord Monitor. January 27, 2017.
  52. ^ a b Susan Hennessey & Benjamin Wittes, Why Are the Trump Allegations Hanging Around When They Haven’t Been Substantiated?, Lawfare (January 12, 2017).
  53. ^ a b Andrei Soldatov, The leaked Trump-Russia dossier rings frighteningly true, The Guardian (January 12, 2017).
  54. ^ "Thirteen things that don't add up in the Russia-Trump intelligence dossier". Newsweek. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  55. ^ "Donald Trump attacks alleged Russian dossier as 'fake news' and slams Buzzfeed and CNN at press conference". The Telegraph. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  56. ^ Rascoe, Ayesha (January 11, 2017). "Trump assails 'phony' Russia dossier in chaotic news conference". Reuters. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
  57. ^ Weisman, Jonathan; Steinhauer, Jennifer (January 12, 2017). "Intelligence Chief's Olive Branch to Trump Gets Twisted in Translation". The New York Times.
  58. ^ Neely, Bill (January 21, 2017). "Kremlin Spokesman: U.S. Intelligence Report on Russian Hacking 'Ridiculous'". NBC News. Retrieved January 15, 2017.
  59. ^ "Putin: Those who leaked Trump dossier 'worse than prostitutes'". Fox News. January 17, 2017. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
  60. ^ CNN, Angela Dewan and Milena Veselinovic. "Putin on Trump dossier claims: 'Rubbish'". CNN. Retrieved January 17, 2017. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  61. ^ Macfarquhar, Neil (January 17, 2017). "Putin Says Accusations in Trump Dossier Are 'Clearly Fake'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  62. ^ "Russia's Putin rejects Trump dossier report as plot against 'legitimacy' of president-elect". Washington Post. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  63. ^ Hopkins, Nick; Harding, Luke (January 12, 2017). "Donald Trump dossier: intelligence sources vouch for author's credibility". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved January 21, 2017.
  64. ^ "'Garbage Document': Woodward Says US Intel Should Apologize Over Trump Dossier". Fox News Insider. January 16, 2017. (Open the "Read full article" link)
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