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Reverted to revision 980303926 by Buidhe (talk): ??? The title of the article is "A Third of Poland Declared ‘LGBT-Free Zone’ ", that fully supports the caption
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{{short description|Region declared to be free of "LGBT ideology"}}
{{short description|Region declared to be free of "LGBT ideology"}}


[[File:LGBT Free Zones Poland 2020.png|thumb|Map of Poland, LGBT-free zones declared ({{as of|2020|January|lc=y}}) on a [[voivodeship]], [[powiat]] or [[gmina]] level marked in red.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ciobanu |first1=Claudia |title=A Third of Poland Declared ‘LGBT-Free Zone’ |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2020/02/25/a-third-of-poland-declared-lgbt-free-zone/ |accessdate=20 September 2020 |work=Balkan Insight |date=25 February 2020}}</ref>]]
[[File:LGBT Free Zones Poland 2020.png|thumb|Map of Poland ({{as of|2020|January|lc=y}}) on [[voivodeship]], [[powiat]] or [[gmina]] marked in red.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ciobanu |first1=Claudia |title=A Third of Poland Declared ‘LGBT-Free Zone’ |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2020/02/25/a-third-of-poland-declared-lgbt-free-zone/ |accessdate=20 September 2020 |work=Balkan Insight |date=25 February 2020}}</ref>]]


'''"LGBT-free zones"''' ({{lang-pl|Strefy wolne od LGBT}})<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.dw.com/en/european-parliament-slams-lgbti-free-zones-in-poland/a-51722613 |title=European Parliament slams 'LGBTI-free' zones in Poland |date=18 December 2019 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2019/12/poland-pis-minorities-lgbtq/604255/ |title=The Demagogue's Cocktail of Victimhood and Strength |last1=Hajdari |first1=Una |date=31 December 2019 |journal=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-poland-lgbt-activist-sign/activist-aims-to-shame-polish-towns-opposed-to-lgbt-community-idUSKBN20125B |title=Activist aims to shame Polish towns opposed to LGBT community |website=[[Reuters]] |date=2020-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2020/02/25/third-of-poland-lgbt-free-zone-atlas-of-hate-homophobia/ |title=A third of Poland has now been declared an 'LGBT-free zone', making intolerance official |first=Emma Powys |last=Maurice |date=2020-02-25 |website=[[PinkNews]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=As It Happens: Activist fights homophobia in Poland with photo series of 'LGBT-free' zones |url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-monday-edition-1.5458268/activist-fights-homophobia-in-poland-with-photo-series-of-lgbt-free-zones-1.5458271 |accessdate=11 March 2020 |work=[[CBC Radio]] |date=10 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/ny-lgbtq-free-zokne-poland-gazerta-polska-20190725-fclqose45fd5bg3b36vktbmmae-story.html |title=Outrage over 'LGBTQ-free zone' stickers distributed by Polish magazine |first=Muri |last=Assunção |date=25 July 2019 |newspaper=[[New York Daily News]]}}</ref> or '''"LGBT ideology-free zones"''' ({{lang-pl|Strefy wolne od ideologii LGBT}})<ref>{{cite news |url=https://gazetalubuska.pl/w-polsce-powstaja-strefy-wolne-od-ideologii-lgbt-czym-moga-skutkowac-takie-dzialania-rozmawiamy-z-instytutem-rownosci/ar/c1-14762676 |title=W Polsce powstają "strefy wolne od ideologii LGBT". Czym mogą skutkować takie działania rozmawiamy z Instytutem Równości |first=Natalia |last=Dyjas-Szatkowska |date=5 February 2019 |newspaper=Gazeta Lubuska |language=pl}}</ref> are municipalities and regions of Poland that have declared themselves unwelcoming of an alleged "[[LGBT ideology]]",<ref name="malopolskie_20190429">{{Cite web |url=https://bip.malopolska.pl/umwm,a,1594074,deklaracja-nr-119-sejmiku-wojewodztwa-malopolskiego-z-dnia-29-kwietnia-2019-r-w-sprawie-sprzeciwu-wo.html |title=Deklaracja Nr 1/19 Sejmiku Województwa Małopolskiego z dnia 29 kwietnia 2019 r. w sprawie sprzeciwu wobec wprowadzenia ideologii „LGBT” do wspólnot samorządowych |trans-title=Declaration No. 1/19 of the Lesser Poland Regional Assembly of 29 April 2019 on opposition to the introduction of the "LGBT" ideology in local government communities |website=Urząd Marszałkowski Województwa Lubelskiego w Lublinie [Marshal's Office of the Lublin Voivodeship in Lublin] |language=pl |access-date=2020-02-26}}</ref> in order to ban [[equality marches in Poland|equality marches]] and other LGBT events.<ref name="auto1" /><ref name="auto4">{{Cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/xgq8mq/european-parliament-tells-poland-to-stop-declaring-lgbtq-free-zones |title=More Than 80 Polish Towns Have Declared Themselves 'LGBTQ-Free Zones' |first=Tim |last=Hume |date=December 19, 2019 |website=Vice News}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite web |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20191212IPR68923/parliament-strongly-condemns-lgbti-free-zones-in-poland |title=Parliament strongly condemns "LGBTI-free zones" in Poland |first=Nicolas |last=Delaleu |date=18 December 2019 |website=[[European Parliament]]}}</ref> {{as of|2020|June}}, some 100 municipalities (including five [[voivodship]]s), encompassing about a third of the country, have adopted resolutions which have led to them being called "LGBT-free zones".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2020/02/25/a-third-of-poland-declared-lgbt-free-zone/ |title=A Third of Poland Declared 'LGBT-Free Zone' |last=Ciobanu |first=Claudia |date=2020-02-25 |website=[[Balkan Insight]] |access-date=2020-04-06}}</ref>
'''"LGBT-free zones"''' ({{lang-pl|Strefy wolne od LGBT}})<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.dw.com/en/european-parliament-slams-lgbti-free-zones-in-poland/a-51722613 |title=European Parliament slams 'LGBTI-free' zones in Poland |date=18 December 2019 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2019/12/poland-pis-minorities-lgbtq/604255/ |title=The Demagogue's Cocktail of Victimhood and Strength |last1=Hajdari |first1=Una |date=31 December 2019 |journal=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-poland-lgbt-activist-sign/activist-aims-to-shame-polish-towns-opposed-to-lgbt-community-idUSKBN20125B |title=Activist aims to shame Polish towns opposed to LGBT community |website=[[Reuters]] |date=2020-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2020/02/25/third-of-poland-lgbt-free-zone-atlas-of-hate-homophobia/ |title=A third of Poland has now been declared an 'LGBT-free zone', making intolerance official |first=Emma Powys |last=Maurice |date=2020-02-25 |website=[[PinkNews]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=As It Happens: Activist fights homophobia in Poland with photo series of 'LGBT-free' zones |url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-monday-edition-1.5458268/activist-fights-homophobia-in-poland-with-photo-series-of-lgbt-free-zones-1.5458271 |accessdate=11 March 2020 |work=[[CBC Radio]] |date=10 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/ny-lgbtq-free-zokne-poland-gazerta-polska-20190725-fclqose45fd5bg3b36vktbmmae-story.html |title=Outrage over 'LGBTQ-free zone' stickers distributed by Polish magazine |first=Muri |last=Assunção |date=25 July 2019 |newspaper=[[New York Daily News]]}}</ref> or '''"LGBT ideology-free zones"''' ({{lang-pl|Strefy wolne od ideologii LGBT}})<ref>{{cite news |url=https://gazetalubuska.pl/w-polsce-powstaja-strefy-wolne-od-ideologii-lgbt-czym-moga-skutkowac-takie-dzialania-rozmawiamy-z-instytutem-rownosci/ar/c1-14762676 |title=W Polsce powstają "strefy wolne od ideologii LGBT". Czym mogą skutkować takie działania rozmawiamy z Instytutem Równości |first=Natalia |last=Dyjas-Szatkowska |date=5 February 2019 |newspaper=Gazeta Lubuska |language=pl}}</ref> are municipalities and regions of Poland that have declared themselves unwelcoming of an alleged "[[LGBT ideology]]",<ref name="malopolskie_20190429">{{Cite web |url=https://bip.malopolska.pl/umwm,a,1594074,deklaracja-nr-119-sejmiku-wojewodztwa-malopolskiego-z-dnia-29-kwietnia-2019-r-w-sprawie-sprzeciwu-wo.html |title=Deklaracja Nr 1/19 Sejmiku Województwa Małopolskiego z dnia 29 kwietnia 2019 r. w sprawie sprzeciwu wobec wprowadzenia ideologii „LGBT” do wspólnot samorządowych |trans-title=Declaration No. 1/19 of the Lesser Poland Regional Assembly of 29 April 2019 on opposition to the introduction of the "LGBT" ideology in local government communities |website=Urząd Marszałkowski Województwa Lubelskiego w Lublinie [Marshal's Office of the Lublin Voivodeship in Lublin] |language=pl |access-date=2020-02-26}}</ref> in order to ban [[equality marches in Poland|equality marches]] and other LGBT events.<ref name="auto1" /><ref name="auto4">{{Cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/xgq8mq/european-parliament-tells-poland-to-stop-declaring-lgbtq-free-zones |title=More Than 80 Polish Towns Have Declared Themselves 'LGBTQ-Free Zones' |first=Tim |last=Hume |date=December 19, 2019 |website=Vice News}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite web |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20191212IPR68923/parliament-strongly-condemns-lgbti-free-zones-in-poland |title=Parliament strongly condemns "LGBTI-free zones" in Poland |first=Nicolas |last=Delaleu |date=18 December 2019 |website=[[European Parliament]]}}</ref> {{as of|2020|June}}, some 100 municipalities (including five [[voivodship]]s), encompassing about a third of the country, have adopted resolutions which have led to them being called "LGBT-free zones".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2020/02/25/a-third-of-poland-declared-lgbt-free-zone/ |title=A Third of Poland Declared 'LGBT-Free Zone' |last=Ciobanu |first=Claudia |date=2020-02-25 |website=[[Balkan Insight]] |access-date=2020-04-06}}</ref>

Revision as of 19:56, 25 September 2020

Map of zones in Poland which adopted (as of January 2020) declarations “against LGBT propaganda” or “pro family", on the voivodeship, powiat or gmina levels, marked in red.[1]

"LGBT-free zones" (Polish: Strefy wolne od LGBT)[2][3][4][5][6][7] or "LGBT ideology-free zones" (Polish: Strefy wolne od ideologii LGBT)[8] are municipalities and regions of Poland that have declared themselves unwelcoming of an alleged "LGBT ideology",[9] in order to ban equality marches and other LGBT events.[2][10][11] As of June 2020, some 100 municipalities (including five voivodships), encompassing about a third of the country, have adopted resolutions which have led to them being called "LGBT-free zones".[12]

Most of the adopted resolutions are lobbied for by an ultra-conservative,[13][14] Catholic organisation Ordo Iuris.[15][16] While unenforceable and primarily symbolic, the declarations represent an attempt to stigmatize LGBT people.[17][18]

On 18 December 2019, the European Parliament voted, 463 to 107, to condemn the more than 80 such zones in Poland.[2][10][11] In July 2020, the Provincial Administrative Courts (Polish: Wojewódzki Sąd Administracyjny) in Gliwice and Radom ruled that the "LGBT ideology free zones" established by the local authorities in Istebna and Klwów gminas respectively are null and void, stressing that they violate the constitution and are discriminatory against members of the LGBT community living in those counties.[19][20]

Since July 2020, the European Union has denied funding from the Structural Funds and Cohesion Fund to municipalities that have adopted "LGBT-free" declarations, which are in violation of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights.[21] Poland is the only member state to have an opt-out from the Charter of Fundamental Rights, which it had signed upon its accession to the EU in 2004. In addition, several European sister cities have frozen their partnerships with the Polish municipalities in question.[22]

Background

See also: LGBT history in Poland
Further information: LGBT rights in the European Union § Member State laws on sexual orientation
August 2019 protest in support of Archbishop Marek Jędraszewski's statements on LGBT. Sign reads: "away ([down]) with leftist ideological totalitarianism", precz (go away) is also on the crossed-out gay pride flag

In February 2019, Warsaw's liberal mayor Rafał Trzaskowski signed a declaration supporting LGBTQ rights,[18][23] and announced his intention to follow World Health Organization guidelines and integrate LGBT issues into the Warsaw school system sex education curricula.[18] Law and Justice (PiS) politicians objected to the program saying it would sexualize children.[24] PiS party leader Jarosław Kaczyński responded to the declaration, calling LGBT rights "an import" that threatens Poland.[25]

According to The Daily Telegraph, the declaration "enraged and galvanized" conservative politicians and conservative media in Poland, the "LGBT-free zone" declarations emerging as a reaction to the Warsaw declaration. The British newspaper further argues that the conservative establishment is fearful of a liberal transition that may erode the Catholic Church's power in Poland like the transition around the Irish Church. Decreasing Church attendance, rising secularization, and sexual abuse scandals have put pressure on the conservative position.[18]

In May 2019, Polish police arrested civil-rights activist Elżbieta Podleśna for putting up posters of the Black Madonna of Częstochowa with the halo painted rainbow colours for the charge of offending religious sentiment, which is illegal in Poland.[26][27]

Two weeks prior to the 2019 European Parliament election, a documentary on child sex abuse in the Church, was released online.[26] It was expected to hurt the Church-aligned PiS electorally, and was responded to by PiS leader Kaczyński speaking heatedly of the Polish nation and children as "being under attack by deviant foreign ideas", which led conservative voters to rally around PiS.[26] According to feminist scholar Agnieszka Graff, "The attack on LGBT was triggered by the [Warsaw] Declaration, but that was just a welcome excuse", as PiS sought to woo the rural-traditional demographic and needed a scapegoat to replace migrants.[26]

In August 2019, the Archbishop of Kraków Marek Jędraszewski said "LGBT ideology" was like a "rainbow plague" in a sermon commemorating the Warsaw uprising.[28][29][30] Not long after, a drag queen simulated Jędraszewski's murder on stage, stirring controversy.[31]

As of 2019, being openly gay in Poland's small towns and rural areas "[takes] increasing physical and mental fortitude" due to the efforts of Polish authorities and the Catholic Church, according to The Daily Telegraph.[18] Public perceptions, however, have been becoming more tolerant of gay people.[18][24] In 2001, the 41 percent of Poles surveyed stating that "being gay wasn't normal and shouldn't be tolerated" dropped to 24 percent in 2017, and the 5 percent who said "being gay was normal" in 2001 had grown to 16 percent in 2017.[24]

Declarations

"LGBT-free zone motions" refer to resolutions passed by some of Polish gminas (municipalities),[32][17] powiats (counties),[33] and voivodeships (provinces)[18] who declared their attachment to conservative values in reaction to the Warsaw Declaration.[34][35] While unenforceable, activists say the declared zones represent attempts to exclude the LGBT community[17][18] and called the declarations "a statement saying that a specific kind of people is not welcome there."[17]

The two documents declared by municipalities were a "Local Government Charter of The Rights of The Family",[36] and a "Resolution against LGBT ideology". Both of these documents were labelled in media as "declarations of LGBT-free zones",[37] but neither of them actually contain a statement of exclusion of LGBT people from any territory, activities or rights. The "Charter of Family Rights" focuses on family values in social policies and only refers to LGBT rights indirectly, such as by defining marriage as a relationship "between a man and a woman". The "Resolution against LGBT ideology" does not speak to LGBT people, but declares opposition to an "ideology of the LGBT movement", and condemns so-called "political correctness".[38] An interactive map of Poland marking all municipalities which accepted either one or both of these resolutions, with links to their original texts, is available online, under the titles "Atlas of Hate".[39]

As of August 2019, around 30 different local governments have accepted such resolutions, including four voivodeships in the south-east of the country:[32][40][41][33] Lesser Poland, Podkarpackie, Świętokrzyskie, and Lublin.[40] The four Voivodeships form the "historically conservative" part of Poland.[17]

Voivodeships

  1. Lublin Voivodeship[42]
  2. Lesser Poland Voivodeship[9]
  3. Podkarpackie Voivodeship[43]
  4. Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship[44]
  5. Łódź Voivodeship[45]

Powiats

  1. Powiat białostocki[46]
  2. Powiat bielski[47]
  3. Powiat dębicki[48]
  4. Powiat jarosławski[49]
  5. Powiat kielecki[50]
  6. Powiat kolbuszowski[51]
  7. Powiat krasnostawski[52]
  8. Powiat kraśnicki[53]
  9. Powiat leski[54]
  10. Powiat limanowski[55]
  11. Powiat lubaczowski[56]
  12. Powiat lubelski[57]
  13. Powiat łańcucki[58]
  14. Powiat łowicki[59]
  15. Powiat łukowski[60]
  16. Powiat mielecki[61]
  17. Powiat nowotarski[62]
  18. Powiat opoczyński[63]
  19. Powiat przasnyski[64]
  20. Powiat przysuski[65]
  21. Powiat puławski[66]
  22. Powiat radomski[67]
  23. Powiat radzyński[68]
  24. Powiat rawski[69]
  25. Powiat rycki[70]
  26. Powiat sztumski[71]
  27. Powiat świdnicki[72]
  28. Powiat tarnowski[73]
  29. Powiat tatrzański[74]
  30. Powiat tomaszowski[75]
  31. Powiat wieluński[76]
  32. Powiat włoszczowski[77]
  33. Powiat zamojski[78]

Gminas

  1. Gromnik (gmina)[79]
  2. Istebna (gmina),[80] revoked by a court ruling
  3. Jordanów (gmina wiejska)[81]
  4. Klwów (gmina),[82] revoked by a court ruling.
  5. Kraśnik[83]
  6. Lipinki (gmina)[84]
  7. Łososina Dolna (gmina)[85]
  8. Niebylec (gmina)[86]
  9. Serniki (gmina),[87] revoked by a court ruling.[88][89]
  10. Szerzyny (gmina)[90]
  11. Trzebieszów (gmina)[91]
  12. Tuchów[92]
  13. Tuszów Narodowy (gmina)[93]
  14. Urzędów (gmina)[94]
  15. Zakrzówek (gmina)[95]
  16. Skierniewice[96]

Law and Justice party

In the run-up to the 2019 Polish parliamentary election the party has focused on countering "LGBT ideology".[32] In 2019 it rebuked the Warsaw mayor's pro-LGBTQ declaration as "an attack on the family and children" and stated that LGBTQ was an "imported" ideology.[18]

After Archbishop Jędraszewski made his speech calling "LGBT ideology" a "rainbow plague", the Minister of National Defence Mariusz Błaszczak applauded the statement.[29]

Stickers

Gazeta Polska's "LGBT-free zone" stickers
"Hate free zone" stickers distributed by Campaign Against Homophobia

The conservative Gazeta Polska newspaper issued "LGBT-free zone" stickers to readers.[97] The Polish opposition and diplomats, including US ambassador to Poland Georgette Mosbacher, condemned the stickers.[34][98] Gazeta editor in chief Tomasz Sakiewicz replied to the criticism with: "what is happening is the best evidence that LGBT is a totalitarian ideology".[98]

The Warsaw district court ordered that distribution of the stickers should halt pending the resolution of a court case.[99] However Gazeta's editor dismissed the ruling saying it was "fake news" and censorship, and that the paper would continue distributing the stickers.[100] Gazeta continued distribution of the stickers, but modified the decal to read "LGBT Ideology-Free Zone".[99]

In July Polish media chain Empik, the country's largest, refused to stock Gazeta Polska after it issued the stickers.[30] In August 2019, a show organized by the Gazeta Polska Community of America scheduled for October 24 in Carnegie Hall in New York was cancelled after complaints of anti-LGBT ties led to artists pulling out of the show.[101][102]

Demonstrations

Marching under a large rainbow flag canopy at 2019 Rzeszów equality march.
Nationalists counter-protesting the Rzeszów equality march, holding the Confederate battle flag

In Rzeszów, after LGBT activists submitted a request to hold an equality march for gay rights in June 2019, PiS councillors drafted a resolution to make Rzeszów an "LGBT-free zone" as well as outlaw the event itself.[26] Some 29 requests for counter-demonstrations reached city hall, which led mayor Tadeusz Ferenc, of the opposition Democratic Left Alliance, to ban the march due to security concerns.[26] When the ban was then overturned by a court ruling,[26] PiS councillors put forward a resolution outlawing "LGBT ideology", which was defeated by two votes.[26]

Following the violent events in the first Białystok equality march[17][103] and the Gazeta Polska stickers a demonstration for tolerance was held in Gdańsk[104] on 23 July 2019, with the slogan "zone free of zones" (Polish: Strefa wolna od stref).[105][106][107] In Szczecin a demonstration under the slogan of "hate-free zone" (Polish: Strefa wolna od nienawiści) took place,[107][108] and in Łódź left-wing politicians handed out "hate-free zone" stickers.[107][109]

Reactions

Support for declarations

Bożena Bieryło, a PiS councilwoman in Białystok County, said the legislation in Białystok county was required due to LGBT "provocations" and "demands" for sex education instruction.[34]

The national PiS party has encouraged the local declarations, with a PiS official handing out medals in Lublin to local politicians who supported the declarations.[32]

Criticism of declarations

In July 2019, Polish Ombudsman Adam Bodnar stated that "the government is increasing homophobic sentiments" with remarks "on the margins of hate speech".[32] Bodnar said he is preparing an appeal to the administrative court against the declarations, as according to Bodnar they are not only political but also have a normative character that affects the lives of people in the declared region.[33][110]

In July 2019, Warsaw city Councillor Marek Szolc and the Polish Society for Anti-Discrimination Law [pl] (PTPA) released a legal opinion stating that LGBT-free zone declarations stigmatize and exclude people, reminding everyone of article 32 of the Constitution of Poland which guarantees equality and lack of discrimination.[35][111][112]

In August 2019, multiple LGBT community members stated that they feel unsafe in Poland.[29] The left-wing Razem party stated: "Remember how the right [were scared] of the so-called [Muslim] no-go zones? Thanks to the same right, we have our own no-go zones."[113][114]

Synagogue in Bydgoszcz, German-occupied Poland, 1939. Nazi banner proclaiming city is judenfrei (free of Jews). This image was tweeted by a representative of Robert Biedroń's party in response to the LGBT-free zones.[115][116]

Liberal politicians and media and human rights activists have compared the declarations to Nazi-era declarations of areas being judenfrei (free of Jews). Left-leaning Italian newspaper la Repubblica called it "a concept that evokes the term 'Judenfrei'".[117][118] Campaign Against Homophobia director Slava Melnyk compared the declarations to "1933, when there were also free zones from a specific group of people."[119] Warsaw's deputy president Paweł Rabiej tweeted, "The German fascists created zones free of Jews. Apartheid, of blacks."[97][116]

In March 2020, BBC Radio 4 broadcast a documentary on the opposition of the LGBT community in Poland against the introduction of LGBT-free zones in the country.[120]

In April 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, many within the LGBT community, began handing out rainbow facemasks and other P.P.E. - as a direct protest of the "LGBT-free zoning", within certain local government areas of Poland.[121]

On 17 August 2020, an open letter to the President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, was published urging the European Union "to take immediate steps in defense of basic European values [...] which have been violated in Poland" and expressing "a deep concern over the future of democracy in Poland". It also appealed to the Polish government to stop targeting sexual minorities as enemies and to withdraw support from organizations promoting homophobia. The signatories of the letter included among others: Pedro Almodóvar, Timothy Garton Ash, Margaret Atwood, John Banville, Judith Butler, John Maxwell Coetzee, Stephen Daldry, Luca Guadagnino, Ed Harris, Agnieszka Holland, Isabelle Huppert, Jan Komasa, Yorgos Lanthimos, Mike Leigh, Paweł Pawlikowski, Volker Schlöndorff, Stellan Skarsgård, Timothy Snyder, Olga Tokarczuk, Adam Zagajewski and Slavoj Žižek.[122][123][124]

In September 2020, the American presidential candidate Joe Biden also condemned LGBT-free zones in Poland via Twitter stating that "LGBTQ+ rights are human rights — and “LGBT-free zones” have no place in the European Union or anywhere in the world".[125]

The "Atlas of Hate" organization, which keeps track of the anti-LGBT resolutions, was nominated for the Sakharov Prize by 43 MEPs.[126]

Reaction from the European Union

On 18 December 2019, the European Parliament voted (463 to 107) in favour of condemning the more than 80 LGBT-free zones in Poland. Parliament demanded that "Polish authorities (are) to condemn these acts and (are) to revoke all resolutions attacking LGBT rights". According to the EU Parliament the zones are part of "a broader context of attacks against the LGBT community in Poland, which include growing hate speech by public and elected officials and public media, as well as attacks and bans on Pride marches and actions such as 'Rainbow Fridays'.".[2][10][11]

Based upon numerous complaints that "some local governments have adopted discriminatory declarations and resolutions targeting LGBT people", the European Commission wrote to the governors of five Voivodeships – Lublin, Łódź, Małopolska, Podkarpackie, and Świętokrzyskie – on 2 June 2020, instructing them to investigate local resolutions proclaiming LGBT-free zones or a "Charter of Family Rights", and whether such resolutions constituted discriminatory actions towards LGBT-identifying people or not.[127]

The letter can be seen as an extension of the 2019 vote in the European Parliament condemning the zones, as it notes that failure by Poland to adhere to common values of the European Union of “respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities”, as stated in Article 2 of the 2012 European Union Treaty[128] could result in the loss of EU funds granted to the Republic of Poland in the future, such as European Structural and Investment.[127]

In her September 2020 State of the European Union speech, Ursula von der Leyen stated, "LGBTQI-free zones are humanity free zones. And they have no place in our Union."[129][130]

International agreements

Further information: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

In February 2020, the French commune of Saint-Jean-de-Braye decided to suspend the partnership with the Polish city of Tuchów as a result of the controversial anti-LGBT resolution passed by the Tuchów authorities.[131][132][133] In February 2020, the French commune of Nogent-sur-Oise suspended its partnership with the Polish city of Kraśnik as a reaction to the passing of an anti-LGBT resolution by the city authorities.[134] In February 2020, the French region of Centre-Val de Loire suspended its partnership with the Lesser Poland Voivodeship as a response to the establishment of an "LGBT-free zone" resolution by the voivodeship's authorities.[135][136][137] In May 2020, the German city of Schwerte ended its city partnership with the Polish city of Nowy Sącz after 30 years of cooperation due to the town's adoption of a resolution discriminating against LGBT people.[138] In July 2020, the Dutch city of Nieuwegein as well as the French city of Douai ended their twin city agreements with the Polish city of Puławy due to a "gay free zone" proclamation made in the latter.[139][140]

In July 2020, the European Commissioner for Justice and Equality Helena Dalli announced that six Polish cities which adopted the "LGBT-free zones" would not be granted EU funds related to financing projects within the EU twinning project framework as a direct consequence of their discriminatory policies directed against members of the LGBT community.[141] The decision met with criticism from the Minister of Justice Zbigniew Ziobro, however, the President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen defended the decision adding that "Our treaties ensure that every person in Europe is free to be who they are, live where they like, love who they want, and aim as high as they want."[142] However, on 18 August, Justice Minister Zbigniew Ziobro announced that the town of Tuchow in southern Poland would now receive 250,000 zlotys ($67,800) from the ministry's Justice Fund, to compensate for the EU funding reversal.[143]

In September 2020, Ine Marie Eriksen Søreide, the Norwegian Minister of Foregin Affairs, announced that the Polish municipalities which introducted the LGBT-free zones would be denied the EEA and Norway Grants whose aim is the reduction of social and economic disparities in the European Economic Area (EEA). Poland is the biggest beneficiary of these funds and could potentially lose millions of euros of financial aid.[144] The suspension of funds only applies to the government bodies that have themselves adopted resolutions, and does not apply to non-governmental organizations that operate in the LGBT-free zones.[145]

In September 2020, a group of MEPs published a letter addressed to the European Olympic Committees (EOC) in which they demanded to respect the rights of LGBT athletes and expressed an idea to host the 2023 European Games, which had been scheduled to take place in Kraków, in a different location due to the region's LGBT-free zone status.[146]

See also

References

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  44. ^ "Stanowisko Sejmiku Województwa Świętokrzyskiego dotyczące sprzeciwu wobec prób wprowadzenia ideologii "LGBT" do wspólnot samorządowych oraz promocji tej ideologii w życiu publicznym". Sejmiku Województwa Świętokrzyskiego (in Polish). 19 June 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
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  47. ^ "Uchwała nr VI/10/86/19 Rady Powiatu w Bielsku-Białej z dnia 30 września 2019 r. w sprawie wsparcia dla konstytucyjnego modelu rodziny opartego na tradycyjnych wartościach". Rady Powiatu w Bielsku-Białej (in Polish). 30 September 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  48. ^ "Uchwała Nr XI.101.2019 z 17 września 2019". Starostwo Powiatowe W Dębicy (in Polish). Retrieved 11 September 2020.
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  50. ^ "Stanowisko Rady Powiatu w Kielcach z dnia 23 sierpnia 2019 r. w sprawie wyrażenia sprzeciwu wobec prób wprowadzania ideologii „LGBT" do lokalnej wspólnoty samorządowej" (PDF). Rady Powiatu w Kielcach (in Polish). 23 August 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  51. ^ "Deklaracja Rady Powiatu w Kolbuszowej z dnia 22 sierpnia 2019 r. w sprawie powstrzymania ideologii „LGBT" przez wspólnotę samorządową" (PDF). Rady Powiatu w Kolbuszowej (in Polish). 22 August 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
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  53. ^ Powiat Kraśnicki wolnym od ideologii „LGBT”. "Imienny wykaz głosowania radnych na VIII sesji Rady Powiatu w Kraśniku VI kadencji w dniu 29 maja 2019 roku" (PDF). Rady Powiatu w Kraśniku (in Polish). 29 May 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  54. ^ Stanowisko nr 1.2019 Rady Powiatu Leskiego w sprawie powstrzymania ideologii „LGBT” przez wspólnotę samorządową. "Protokół VI Sesji Rady Powiatu w Lesku (zwyczajnej) odbytej w dniu 26 kwietnia 2019 r. w Lesku (Kadencja: 2018 r. – 2023 r.)" (PDF). Rady Powiatu Leskiego (in Polish). 26 April 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
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  56. ^ "Deklaracja Rady Powiatu Lubaczowskiego z dnia 6 czerwca 2019 r. przyjęta podczas obrad X sesji przeciw wdrażaniu ideologii LGBT w życiu społecznym" (PDF). Rady Powiatu Lubaczowskiego (in Polish). 6 June 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
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  77. ^ "Rezolucja Rady Powiatu Włoszczowskiego z dnia 16 września 2019 r. w sprawie sprzeciwu wobec promocji i prób wprowadzania ideologii „LGBT" w życiu publicznym" (PDF). Rady Powiatu Włoszczowskiego (in Polish). 16 September 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  78. ^ "Uchwała Nr VIII/90/2019 Rady Powiatu w Zamościu z dnia 26 czerwca 2019 roku w sprawie przyjęcia Stanowiska Rady Powiatu w Zamościu w sprawie powstrzymania promowania ideologii „LGBT"". Rady Powiatu w Zamościu (in Polish). 27 June 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
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  80. ^ "Uchwała nr X/78/2019 Rady Gminy Istebna z dnia 2 września 2019 r. w sprawie podjęcia deklaracji w sprawie powstrzymania ideologii „LGBT" przez wspólnotę samorządową". Rady Gminy Istebna (in Polish). 2 September 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
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  82. ^ "Uchwała nr VI/51/2019 Rady Gminy Klwów z dnia 17 czerwca 2019 r. w sprawie: podjęcia deklaracji – „Gmina Klwów wolna od ideologii «LGBT»"" (PDF). Rady Gminy Klwów (in Polish). 17 June 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  83. ^ "Załącznik nr 14 – głosowanie imienne – Podjęcie uchwały Rady Miasta Kraśnik w sprawie przyjęcia stanowiska dotyczącego powstrzymania ideologii LGBT przez wspólnotę samorządową". Rady Miasta Kraśnik (in Polish). 3 June 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  84. ^ "Uchwała nr V/52/2019 Rady Gminy Lipinki z dnia 12 kwietnia 2019 r. w sprawie podjęcia deklaracji „Gmina Lipinki wolna od ideologii «LGBT»"". Biuletyny Informacji Publicznej Województwa Małopolskiego (in Polish). 12 April 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  85. ^ "Uchwała nr 64/VIII/2019 Rady Gminy w Łososinie Dolnej z dnia 31 maja 2019 r. w sprawie przyjęcia Rezolucji dotyczącej powstrzymania ideologii „LGBT" przez wspólnotę samorządową oraz ataków na Polski Kościół i obrażania uczuć religijnych ludzi wierzących". Biuletyny Informacji Publicznej Województwa Małopolskiego (in Polish). 31 May 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  86. ^ "Uchwała nr XI/93/2019 Rady Gminy Niebylec z dnia 25 września 2019 r. w sprawie powstrzymania ideologii „LGBT"" (PDF). Rady Gminy Niebylec (in Polish). 25 September 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  87. ^ "Stanowisko Rady Gminy Serniki w sprawie powstrzymania ideologii "LGBT" przez wspólnotę samorządową". Rady Gminy Serniki (in Polish). 21 June 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  88. ^ "Sąd zdecydował - kolejna uchwała anty-LGBT unieważniona. Dotyczyła gminy Serniki". MSN (in Polish). Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  89. ^ "Sąd unieważnił uchwałę anty-LGBT podjętą przez gminę Serniki. "Ma charakter dyskryminujący"". Onet.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  90. ^ "Uchwała IX/60/2019 Rady Gminy Szerzyny z dnia 4 czerwca 2019 roku zawierająca Deklarację w sprawie sprzeciwu wobec wprowadzenia ideologi „LGBT" do wspólnot samorządowych". Biuletyny Informacji Publicznej Województwa Małopolskiego (in Polish). 4 June 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  91. ^ "Uchwała nr VIII/63/19 z dnia 18 czerwca 2019 r. w sprawie stanowiska Rady Gminy Trzebieszów dotyczącego wprowadzania do wspólnot samorządowych ideologii „LGBT"". Rady Gminy Trzebieszów (in Polish). 18 June 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  92. ^ "Rezolucja nr 2/2019 Rady Miejskiej w Tuchowie z dnia 29 maja 2019 r. w sprawie przyjęcia rezolucji dotyczącej powstrzymania ideologii „LGBT+" przez wspólnotę samorządową". Biuletyny Informacji Publicznej Województwa Małopolskiego (in Polish). 29 May 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  93. ^ "Stanowisko Rady Gminy Tuszów Narodowy przyjęte na V sesji Rady Gminy Tuszów Narodowy w dniu 29 marca 2019 roku w sprawie powstrzymania ideologii „LGBT" przez wspólnotę samorządową". Rady Gminy Tuszów Narodowy (in Polish). 29 March 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  94. ^ "Stanowisko Rady Miejskiej w Urzędowie z dnia 28 marca 2019 r. w sprawie powstrzymania ideologii „LGBT" przez wspólnotę samorządową". Rady Miejskiej w Urzędowie (in Polish). 28 March 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  95. ^ "Stanowisko Rady Gminy Zakrzówek "Zakrzówek – gminą wolną od ideologii LGBT"". Rady Gminy Zakrzówek (in Polish). 22 May 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  96. ^ "Gmina Skierniewice: Rada mówi stanowcze nie dla LGBT". Gmina Skierniewice (in Polish). Retrieved 28 March 2020.
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  106. ^ ""Strefa wolna od stref" - manifestacja przeciwko nienawiści, w geście solidarności z LGBT w Gdańsku" ["Zone free of zones" – a manifestation against hatred, in a gesture of solidarity with LGBT in Gdansk]. Dziennik Baltycki (in Polish). 23 July 2019.
  107. ^ a b c "Solidarni z Białymstokiem. Marsze, zbiórki i #TęczowaŚroda" [Solidarity with Bialystok: Marches, rebounds and #TęczowaŚroda]. Polityka (in Polish). 23 July 2019.
  108. ^ "Szczecin - strefa wolna od nienawiści! W odpowiedzi na tę furię, ten rynsztok" [Szczecin – a zone free from hatred! In response to this fury, this gutter]. Gazeta Wyborcza (in Polish). 26 July 2019.
  109. ^ "Łódź razem z Białymstokiem. Rozdano wlepki "strefa wolna od nienawiści", będzie pikieta" [Łódź together with Białystok: "Hate Free Zone" stickers were distributed, there will be a picket]. Gazeta Wyborcza (in Polish). 23 July 2019.
  110. ^ "Right-wing Polish magazine issues anti-LGBT stickers". Bangkok Post. 24 July 2019.
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  112. ^ "Ustawy regionów "wolnych od LGBT" są niezgodne z prawem" [The laws of "LGBT free" regions are unlawful]. Queer.pl (in Polish). 22 July 2019.
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  • Atlas nienawiści (Atlas of Hate) - Map of anti-LGBT ideology Polish government resolutions
  • Tu nie chodzi o ludzi(This is not about people) - a documentary film presenting fragments of political debates on so-called anti-LGBT resolutions
  • Knecht, Tomasz (2020). "Idea miast partnerskich wobec wybranych uchwał samorządowych w Polsce w latach 2019–2020" [The idea of sister cities in view of selected local government resolutions in Poland in the years 2019–2020]. Rocznik Europeistyczny. 5: 123–141. doi:10.19195/2450-274X.5.8.
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