" instead there is a focus on how consciousness has changed (for example, changing from something diffuse and interpenetrating, to something focused and discrete)."
Do you suppose this is much like consciousness going from a pre-mortal existence to a concentrated mortal existence?
@ads- Yes, I think that is a typical example. Barfield believed in reincarnation, but the idea fits with Mormon premortal existence just as well. I think the implication is that we have been aware of, and involved in, the earth throughout its history -- in a sense we were here and active throughout.
@Benjamin - No this is quite different from Berkeley's idealism. Idealism divides subjective/ inner consciousness from objective/ outer and states that everything comes from within - that there is no outer reality.
This is merely the opposite of materialism/ positivism - and assumes that the two 'worlds' can be divided.
Coleridge/ Steiner/ Barfield state that there is a real inner subjectivity and also a real outer objectivity - the two can be distinguished as extremes on a polarity, but cannot be divided. Consciousness is primary but always contains some outer reality (what we think-about), outer reality is always shaped by consciousness.
Therefore reality always includes a participation of subjectivity, and it is irrational/ nonsensical to talk about the outer reality asif it was separable from the inner consciousness.
This means there is no problem about bridging the divide between inner and outer, no problem about how we know about the outer world of reality. We are not and cannot be passive observers of outer reality, we participate in its creation, inextricably and inevitably.
one consequence of this is that there are no *ultimate* limits to knowledge - everything knowable can - in principle - be known; because we have participated in it.
This also - and indeed primarily before all else - applies to the relationship of Man and God.
"we assume that all true descriptions of reality leave-out the human - including leaving-out the observing/ participating consciousness."
I have always thought this was obvious! Even the Buddhists *get this* as a central insight into the nature of reality, despite (in my opinion) abandoning deity as the ultimate divine consciousness.
I have always found it bizarre that the findings of Quantum Physics research has not 'turned the tides' on this one, when many of the experiments have demonstrated effectively that reality is contingent on a conscious onserver?! This promoted cognitive disonance for many but stops there. Oddly, Joe public will tell you parrallel Universes are probably real because they saw a late night Brian Cox documentary about the multiverse theory. They will accept something as mindblowing as this without blinking but still howl at the suggestion that consciousness research indicates there could be a soul or life after death or...even, heaven forbid a God or a meaningful purposive intelligence directing the Universe...to me this is much much more bizare than having a eureka moment watching such a program that moves one towards at least agnosticism or even affirmative theism?! What do you think?
Barfield was saying exactly this 60 years ago (e.g. in WOrlds Apart). But it is a fact nonetheless. And the reason is unsurprising - if we actually take on board and begin to assume this different metaphysical assumption, then it overturns nearly all of our standard public and private ways of thinking. It is one thing to acknowledge that in theory - but to live by it... well that is very rare (and a difficult transition).
27 May 2016 at 14:21
The most radical aspect of Owen Barfield's metaphysical thinking, which he shares with (and probably got from) Rudolf Steiner, is that all knowledge entails consciousness.
Reality is partly-produced-by consciousness; because everything we know or might know involves us knowing it, which entails consciousness part-creating everything.
Or, there is nothing we know of, in which consciousness does not have some role: we are never able actually to separate consciousness from the 'outer' world of 'objective' phenomena and access any supposed objective-reality independent of consciousness.
Consciousness participates in reality.
Negatively, this means that many of our normal, everyday ways of thinking are invalid and necessarily untrue; because they model 'reality' without our own participating consciousness. In other words, all of normal science is necessarily untrue - and actually, merely therefore, rules-of-thumb that seem to work at present and in the conditions we have used them... because they exclude the participating consciousness.
This is a really deep-cutting idea. I first came across it in Worlds Apart - which is Barfield's somewhat Inklings-like Platonic dialogue published in 1963 (and re-read by CS Lewis multiple times in the last few months of his life). I was confused and brought-up short by the relevant passages; I could hardly believe that Barfield was serious, and thought I must have misunderstood.
But I have gradually come to feel compelled to share this basic metaphysical assumption. Because it is a metaphysical assumption - however it is probably not genuinely weird, and instead probably the most natural and spontaneous human assumption we make about reality.
We begin life assuming that everything in the world relates to us and our knowledge of it; but by adulthood this attitude has become regarded as a 'paranoid delusion of self-reference'; and we assume that all true descriptions of reality leave-out the human - including leaving-out the observing/ participating consciousness.
Barfield's example is the evolution of the earth and biological-life upon it - typically, modern science regards this as autonomous of human consciousness, and indeed the story has to explain how human consciousness arose towards the end of the planetary period under consideration. But the Barfield/ Steiner metaphysics refuses to talk about a time or place when there was no consciousness, because this is metaphysical nonsense - instead there is a focus on how consciousness has changed (for example, changing from something diffuse and interpenetrating, to something focused and discrete).
What is actually spontaneous and built-in to Men has now become extremely difficult and strange for modern Man: thinking in a way that is coherent with the fact of Man's own thinking has become unnatural to us. Even in theology, it is normal to discuss God without any reference to Man's participating consciousness - yet everything we think or say or write about God involves Man's consciousness.
I could not say I have done more than very partially assimilate the profundity of such a change in metaphysical perspective - the rationale for which was sketched out by Coleridge, Steiner (especially in his earliest and purely philosophical books) and Barfield; but it is just something very hard to grasp and believe for a Modern Man (perhaps especially for an evolutionary scientist such as myself?).
But it is something which I think must be correct. Which means that almost all of our current ways of thinking and reasoning, almost all that we think we know, is necessarily wrong, misleadng, error-generating --- And so I need to continue to develop new habits of thinking in-line with the participation of consciousness, which would enable me to work-from this metaphysical assumption in as many ways as possible.
"Owen Barfield's most radical metaphysical idea: There is always and everywhere a being that is conscious - reality is consciousness in communication"
6 Comments -
" instead there is a focus on how consciousness has changed (for example, changing from something diffuse and interpenetrating, to something focused and discrete)."
Do you suppose this is much like consciousness going from a pre-mortal existence to a concentrated mortal existence?
27 May 2016 at 08:10
@ads- Yes, I think that is a typical example. Barfield believed in reincarnation, but the idea fits with Mormon premortal existence just as well. I think the implication is that we have been aware of, and involved in, the earth throughout its history -- in a sense we were here and active throughout.
27 May 2016 at 09:08
Would you be willing to go as far as George Berkeley with this, Bruce?
27 May 2016 at 11:18
@Benjamin - No this is quite different from Berkeley's idealism. Idealism divides subjective/ inner consciousness from objective/ outer and states that everything comes from within - that there is no outer reality.
This is merely the opposite of materialism/ positivism - and assumes that the two 'worlds' can be divided.
Coleridge/ Steiner/ Barfield state that there is a real inner subjectivity and also a real outer objectivity - the two can be distinguished as extremes on a polarity, but cannot be divided. Consciousness is primary but always contains some outer reality (what we think-about), outer reality is always shaped by consciousness.
Therefore reality always includes a participation of subjectivity, and it is irrational/ nonsensical to talk about the outer reality asif it was separable from the inner consciousness.
This means there is no problem about bridging the divide between inner and outer, no problem about how we know about the outer world of reality. We are not and cannot be passive observers of outer reality, we participate in its creation, inextricably and inevitably.
one consequence of this is that there are no *ultimate* limits to knowledge - everything knowable can - in principle - be known; because we have participated in it.
This also - and indeed primarily before all else - applies to the relationship of Man and God.
27 May 2016 at 13:21
"we assume that all true descriptions of reality leave-out the human - including leaving-out the observing/ participating consciousness."
I have always thought this was obvious! Even the Buddhists *get this* as a central insight into the nature of reality, despite (in my opinion) abandoning deity as the ultimate divine consciousness.
I have always found it bizarre that the findings of Quantum Physics research has not 'turned the tides' on this one, when many of the experiments have demonstrated effectively that reality is contingent on a conscious onserver?! This promoted cognitive disonance for many but stops there. Oddly, Joe public will tell you parrallel Universes are probably real because they saw a late night Brian Cox documentary about the multiverse theory. They will accept something as mindblowing as this without blinking but still howl at the suggestion that consciousness research indicates there could be a soul or life after death or...even, heaven forbid a God or a meaningful purposive intelligence directing the Universe...to me this is much much more bizare than having a eureka moment watching such a program that moves one towards at least agnosticism or even affirmative theism?! What do you think?
27 May 2016 at 13:23
@David
Barfield was saying exactly this 60 years ago (e.g. in WOrlds Apart). But it is a fact nonetheless. And the reason is unsurprising - if we actually take on board and begin to assume this different metaphysical assumption, then it overturns nearly all of our standard public and private ways of thinking. It is one thing to acknowledge that in theory - but to live by it... well that is very rare (and a difficult transition).
27 May 2016 at 14:21