Do Solar Panels Work On Cloudy Days And At Night?

By Ana Durrani , Corinne Tynan
Contributor, Editor

Fact Checked

Lexie Pelchen Editor
We earn a commission from partner links on Forbes Home. Commissions do not affect our editors' opinions or evaluations.

Rising electricity bills, power outages and a growing interest in reducing one’s carbon footprint, have all been reasons more homeowners are installing solar panels to generate their own renewable electricity. According to the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA), the residential solar market saw its most significant increase in 2023, a 51% upgrade from 2022.

But with solar panels becoming more commonplace, you may still have some basic questions about them, like whether or not they can generate electricity when the sun isn’t exactly present—such as on cloudy days or at night. Luckily, yes, solar panels can still generate power during cloudy days and in the evening hours and we’ll explain how.

Key Takeaways

  • Solar panels can still generate electricity even on dark and cloudy days. The panels absorb hues reflected from the sky, allowing them to create power.
  • During the day, the photovoltaic effect activates solar cells, demonstrating the high efficiency of solar panels in generating electrical current. This energy can then be stored and used during nighttime.
  • To utilize solar energy on cloudy days or at night, homeowners can store excess electricity in a solar battery or net metering.

How Do Solar Panels Work?

The best solar panels can help reduce your carbon footprint and lower the cost of energy. The way solar panels work is that as the sun shines directly onto a solar panel, the sunlight’s energy is then taken in by the panel’s PV cells. That energy then sparks electrical charges that circulate due to an internal electrical field in the cell, which generates a flow of electricity. The more panels used, the more energy generated.

Do Solar Panels Work on Cloudy Days?

Yes, you don’t need direct sunlight for your solar panels to work. Even on a dark, cloudy day, hues reflected from the sky are being absorbed by solar panel cells to create power. But what does matter is the direction in which the solar panels are placed. Solar panels should not be placed where there is shade from trees or buildings and structures.

Do Solar Panels Work at Night?

Yes, solar panels can still provide electricity to your house at night, but they cannot draw power in the nighttime. The more sciency explanation is the photovoltaic effect—when solar cells get activated from the sun—which is what causes the generation of electrical current. While they can’t draw power at night, they still work from stored energy.

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How to Store Solar Energy to Use on Cloudy Days or at Night

Solar energy has become an increasingly popular and sustainable method of powering homes. But what happens on cloudy days or during nighttime when solar panels are not actively generating electricity? You can ensure a consistent power supply with efficient and effective storage solutions like solar batteries and net metering. By saving excess energy for later use, homeowners can reap more benefits from their solar panel systems.

Net Metering

Solar panel owners can participate in a net metering program. This system allows homeowners to feed their surplus solar energy into the municipal electric grid and, in turn, earn credits from their utility company. Then, when solar production is low, homeowners can utilize the saved credits to counterbalance their grid electricity consumption.

Net metering also provides homeowners with a practical and cost-effective means of maximizing the value of their solar power investment while contributing to a more sustainable and efficient energy system.

Solar Battery Storage

Solar batteries store any surplus electricity your solar panels produce for use when the panels are not actively generating electricity. The four main types commonly used for energy storage are lead-acid, lithium-ion, nickel-cadmium and flow batteries.

When there are days with a lot of sunlight, your solar panels may generate more energy than you need, but you can store that extra electricity for cloudy days or nights in a solar battery. This method provides greater energy independence and ensures a reliable power source even during power outages.

Net Metering and Solar Battery Storage Working Together

Combining net metering with solar battery storage offers the best of both worlds. Once your solar battery is fully charged, net metering can send any additional solar energy to the grid for credits from your utility company. This approach maximizes the use of your solar energy, ensuring you have a backup supply from the solar battery and additional credits from the grid when needed.

By integrating both systems, homeowners can achieve higher energy reliability and cost savings, making it an optimal solution for managing solar energy.

How to Choose the Best Solar Company for You

When choosing the best solar company for you, make sure to do your research. Find one that adheres to the requirements of the State Licensing Board, meaning the company should be licensed, insured and bonded. Get several quotes from solar companies. The company should also be certified by the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP).

Consider asking friends and neighbors that use solar panels to recommend their solar provider. Lastly, check reviews, including the Better Business Bureau website.

Bottom Line: When Does Solar Work Best?

Direct sunlight generates the most power through your solar panels, typically between late mornings to early afternoon or when the sun is at its highest. Solar panels produce less energy in the winter time. A combination of direct and indirect sunlight on solar panels generates energy since both carry photons, which the solar panels convert into electricity.

Homeowners who reside in a state that gets a lot of sun throughout the year, will get more use and benefits from solar panels. However, they don’t work as well in hot climates. Solar panels are popular in cities like Seattle, a city which gets more cloudy days than not. The output of solar panels starts to drop when temperatures go higher than 77 degrees Fahrenheit.

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Things like location, roofing and state tax incentives will also play a role in deciding whether it makes sense for you to buy solar panels for your home. But homeowners who choose to install solar panels will find they can generate a good amount of savings and can be an investment that will pay for itself over the years.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How much does it cost to install solar panels on your home?

The national average cost of a solar panel system is $2.94 per watt or under $11,000 for a five kW system, which is the average size of a standard residential solar system, per SEIA. Make sure to check with your neighborhood or homeowner association (HOA) about any possible restrictions or approval requirements and state laws before installation.

Should I install solar if I live in a cloudy climate?

Solar cells can produce 80% of their energy potential on cloudy days, according to the Environmental and Energy Study Institute. Living in a cloudy climate should not deter a homeowner from installing solar panels to their home. Plus, rain can help wash away dirt and dust buildup and make your panels function more efficiently.

How much less efficient are my solar panels on cloudy days or at night?

Solar power efficiency can decrease from 10% to 25% in generating energy compared to a sunny day.

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