Psychological Neoteny

The next time you see a mother of three head-banging to death metal or a 50-year-old man sporting a faux-hawk, don't laugh. According to Bruce Charlton, a doctor and psychology professor at Newcastle University in Britain, what looks like immaturity -- or in Charlton's kinder terms, the "retention of youthful attitudes and behaviors into later adulthood" -- is actually a valuable developmental characteristic, which he calls psychological neoteny.

In a recent issue of Medical Hypotheses, a journal he edits, Charlton argues that unlike previous, more settled societies that could afford to honor a narrow and well-defined worldview (that is, a "mature" one), modern life is tumultuous and ever-changing. Accordingly, it rewards those who retain a certain plasticity of mind and personality. "In a psychological sense, some contemporary individuals never actually become adults," he writes.

Charlton's argument is still just a hypothesis, but it makes intuitive sense. For one thing, he notes, education in the modern era -- which now routinely extends into an individual's 20s -- rewards a mental openness that could once be safely discarded in the midteens. As he explained in a recent e-mail message, a "likely cause" of the widespread delay in the onset of maturity today was "more prolonged higher education for ever more people, leading to an increase in the 'unfinished' personalities that are adaptive to learning."

Furthermore, he argues, social roles have become less fixed in modern society. We are expected to adapt to change throughout our lives, both in our personal relationships and in our careers, and immaturity, as Charlton added, is "especially helpful in making the best out of enforced job changes, the need for geographic mobility and the requirement to make new social networks." In fact, he speculates, the ability to retain youthful qualities, now often seen as folly, may someday be recognized as a prized trait.

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