Special elections to the 117th United States Congress (2021-2022)
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Special elections to the United States Congress are required in the event of vacancies in the U.S. Senate or U.S. House of Representatives. This page is a compilation of all special elections to the 117th Congress in 2021-2022.
In 2022, 17 special elections were held:
- Alaska's At-Large Congressional District
- California's 22nd Congressional District
- Florida's 20th Congressional District
- Indiana's 2nd Congressional District
- Louisiana's 2nd Congressional District
- Louisiana's 5th Congressional District
- Minnesota's 1st Congressional District
- Nebraska's 1st Congressional District
- New Mexico's 1st Congressional District
- New York's 19th Congressional District
- New York's 23rd Congressional District
- Ohio's 11th Congressional District
- Ohio's 15th Congressional District
- Texas' 6th Congressional District
- Texas' 34th Congressional District
- California Senate
- Oklahoma Senate
Sixty-seven special elections to the United States Congress were called during the 113th through 117th Congresses. During that time, special elections were called for 23 seats vacated by Democrats and 44 vacated by Republicans.
Special elections to Congress occur when a legislator resigns or is removed from office. Depending on the specific state laws governing vacancies, a state can either hold an election for U.S. Senate within the same calendar year or wait until the next regularly scheduled election. For the U.S. House, vacancies are filled through a special election.
Upcoming special elections
Elections are listed below in chronological order of the general election.
House
Senate
Special election results
House
Senate
| Results of special elections to the 117th Congress (Senate) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race | Election date | Incumbent | Winner | Election MOV | Previous election MOV | 2020 Presidential election MOV (statewide)[6] |
| California Senate | November 8, 2022 |  Kamala Harris |
Alex Padilla |
D+17.6 | D+23 | D+55 |
| Oklahoma Senate | November 8, 2022 |  Jim Inhofe |
Markwayne Mullin |
R+26.6 | R+30 | R+7 |
Special elections that resulted in a partisan flip
Alaska's At-Large Congressional District
Mary Peltola (D) won the special election to fill Alaska's At-Large Congressional District in the U.S. House on August 16, 2022.[7] Sarah Palin (R) and Nicholas Begich III (R) also ran. Al Gross (I) advanced from the June 11 top-four primary, but he withdrew from the race on June 20.[8]
This election used ranked-choice voting. Click here to learn more about Alaska's voting system, which voters approved via ballot measure in 2020.
The special election filled the vacancy left by Don Young (R), who died on March 18, 2022.[9]
Texas' 34th Congressional District
Mayra Flores (R) defeated Dan Sanchez (D), Rene Coronado (D), and Juana Cantu-Cabrera (R) in a special general election for Texas' 34th Congressional District on June 14, 2022. The previous incumbent, Filemon Vela (D), resigned on March 31, 2022.[10]
Special elections that did not change partisan control
California's 22nd Congressional District
A special election to fill the seat representing California's 22nd Congressional District in the U.S. House was held in 2022. A top-two primary was scheduled for April 5, 2022. The general election was held June 7, 2022. The filing deadline was February 10, 2022.[11]
The special election filled the vacancy left by Devin Nunes (R), who resigned his seat on December 31, 2021, to become CEO of former President Donald Trump's (R) media company, Trump Media & Technology Group.[12]
California Senate
On November 8, 2022, there was a special election to fill the rest of the six-year term that Kamala Harris (D) was elected to in 2016. A primary was scheduled for June 7, 2022. The filing deadline was March 11, 2022.[13][14]
Florida's 20th Congressional District
Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick (D) won the special election to fill the seat representing Florida's 20th Congressional District in the U.S. House on January 11, 2022, defeating Jason Mariner (R) with 79% of the vote to Mariner's 20%. Primaries were scheduled for November 2, 2021. The filing deadline to qualify via signature petitions was August 3, 2021, and the filing deadline to qualify via qualifying fee was August 10, 2021.[15][16] The special election filled the vacancy left by Alcee Hastings (D), who died on April 6, 2021.[17]
Indiana's 2nd Congressional District
A special election to fill the seat representing Indiana's 2nd Congressional District in the U.S. House was held in 2022. Parties nominated candidates to the general election ballot. The general election was held November 8, 2022. The filing deadline was August 26, 2022.[18]
The special election filled the vacancy left by Jackie Walorski (R), who died in a car accident on August 3, 2022.[19]
Louisiana's 2nd Congressional District
Troy Carter (D) defeated Karen Peterson (D) in a special election to represent Louisiana's 2nd Congressional District on April 24, 2021, with 55.2% of the vote to Peterson's 44.8%. Carter and Peterson received the most votes in the primary election held on March 20, 2021. Carter received 36% of the vote and Peterson received 23% of the vote. Thirteen other candidates competed in the race.
Carter represented Louisiana State Senate District 7, and Peterson represented Louisiana State Senate District 5. Carter assumed office January 11, 2016, and Peterson assumed office in February 2010. EMILY's List, Stacey Abrams (D), and Gary Chambers (D), who finished third in the March 20 primary, endorsed Peterson. Cedric Richmond (D), the district's former representative, and Jim Clyburn (D) endorsed Carter. [20] Click here to see more endorsements.
Both Carter and Peterson emphasized their experience as lawmakers. Carter said, "Throughout my career I’ve remained laser focused on the simple ways to improve people’s day to day lives – like guaranteeing access to COVID-19 19 [sic] vaccine, equality pay for women, criminal justice reform and fighting for a living wage." Peterson said "[a]fter Katrina hit, I told the truth, held people accountable, and fought to help our families and our businesses rebuild. And that’s what I’ll do in Congress to lead us out of this pandemic."[21]
Carter emphasized his relationship with Richmond, who was an advisor to President Joe Biden (D) at the time of the election. "As a new congressman," Carter said, "I would have the ear of the guy who has the ear of the President of the United States of America." Peterson focused on Abrams' endorsement of her and the need for more women in elected office, saying “It is time for women to have a seat at the table."[22]
Both candidates supported legalizing recreational marijuana, ending cash bail, forgiving student debt loans for up to $50,000, and a moratorium on new oil and gas leases on federal land and water. Both supported increasing the federal minimum wage, but disagreed on what it should be raised to. Carter supported raising the minimum wage to $15 per hour, while Peterson said she supported raising it to $20 per hour. The candidates also differed on health care policy, with Carter supporting a public option allowing people to choose between a government-funded plan and private insurance and Peterson supporting a Medicare for All universal health care plan.[23]
Three election forecasters rated Louisiana's 2nd Congressional District Solid Democratic during the 2020 general election. In the November 3, 2020, election, Cedric Richmond (D) won with 63.9% of the vote. Richmond was first elected in 2010. A Democrat has represented the 2nd District continuously since 2000 except from 2009-2011. In 2008, Republican Joseph Cao defeated William J. Jefferson. Cao lost his bid for re-election to Richmond in 2010.
The special election filled the vacancy left by Richmond. Richmond resigned from the House on January 15, 2021, after president-elect Biden announced Richmond would join his administration as a senior adviser to the president and director of the White House Office of Public Engagement on November 17, 2020. Neither of these positions require Senate confirmation.[24]
Louisiana's 5th Congressional District
Julia Letlow (R) won the special primary election in Louisiana's 5th Congressional District on March 20, 2021 with 64.5% of the vote. The special election filled the vacancy left by Luke Letlow (R), who died before being seated in the 117th Congress from complications related to COVID-19.[25]
Candy Christophe (D) and Julia Letlow (R) led the field in media coverage leading up to the election. Christophe, the only Democratic candidate running in the primary, has worked as a business owner and social worker.[26] Letlow, the widow of Congressman-elect Luke Letlow, has worked in marketing and as an administrator at the University of Louisiana Monroe and Tulane University.[27] To read more about the candidates’ key campaign messages, click here.
Chad Conerly (R), Allen Guillory Sr. (R), Robert Lansden (R), Jaycee Magnuson (R), Horace Melton (R), Richard Pannell (R), Sancha Smith (R), Errol Victor (R), Jim Davis (I), and M.V. Mendoza (I) also ran.
Before 2021, Louisiana’s 5th was represented by Ralph Abraham (R), who won re-election in the 2018 nonpartisan primary with 67% of the vote to Jessee Carlton Fleenor’s (D) 30%. In the 2020 presidential election, Donald Trump (R) defeated Joe Biden (D) 65% to 34% in the district.[28] Louisiana's 5th was last represented by a Democrat in 2004, when Rep. Rodney Alexander (R) changed his partisan affiliation from Democratic to Republican.[29]
Christophe previously ran in the 2020 primary election in Louisiana’s 5th. Luke Letlow and Lance Harris (R) advanced to the general election with 33.1% and 16.6% of the vote, respectively. Christophe received 16.4% of the vote. Luke Letlow won the runoff election against Harris by 24% of the vote. Letlow died from complications related to COVID-19 on December 29, 2020, five days before the 117th Congress was sworn in on January 3, 2021.
As of July 19, 2024, 17 special elections have been called during the 117th Congress. From the 113th Congress to the 116th Congress, 50 special elections were held. For more data on historical congressional special elections, click here. Two of the special elections called for the 117th Congress were taking place in Louisiana, in the 5th Congressional District and the 2nd Congressional District. Louisiana's 5th Congressional District election and Texas' 6th Congressional District election were both called to fill vacancies left by politicians who died from complications related to COVID-19.
Louisiana elections use the Louisiana majority-vote system. All candidates compete in the same primary, and a candidate can win the election outright by receiving more than 50% of the vote. If no candidate does, the top two vote recipients from the primary advance to the general election, regardless of their partisan affiliation.
For information about which offices are nominated via primary election, see this article. If necessary, the general election was scheduled for April 24, 2021.[30]
Minnesota's 1st Congressional District
A special election to fill the seat representing Minnesota's 1st Congressional District in the U.S. House was held in 2022. Primaries were scheduled for May 24, 2022. The general election was held August 9, 2022. The filing deadline was March 15, 2022.[31]
The special election filled the vacancy left by Jim Hagedorn (R), who died while in office on February 17, 2022.[32]
Nebraska's 1st Congressional District
A special general election to fill the seat representing Nebraska's 1st Congressional District in the U.S. House was held on June 28, 2022.
The Democratic and Republican parties nominated candidates directly rather than holding primaries. Candidates could also qualify for the ballot by filing petitions. The filing deadline passed on April 22, 2022.[33]
The special election filled the vacancy left by Jeffrey Fortenberry (R). Fortenberry resigned from the U.S. House on March 31, 2022, after being convicted of one count of scheming to falsify and conceal material facts and two counts of making false statements to federal investigators.[34][35]
New Mexico's 1st Congressional District
Melanie Ann Stansbury (D) defeated Mark Moores (R) and four other candidates in New Mexico's 1st Congressional District special election on June 1, 2021. The election was called following incumbent Debra Haaland’s (D) confirmation as secretary of the interior for the Biden administration on March 15, 2021.[36] Stansbury received 60% of the vote to Moores' 36%. No other candidate received more than 5% of the vote.[37]
The Democratic Party nominated Stansbury at a convention on March 31.[38] The Republican Party nominated Moores at a convention on March 27.[39] Aubrey Dunn (I), Christopher Manning (L), write-in Laura Olivas (I), and write-in Robert Ornelas (I) also ran in the election.
Haaland was first elected to represent New Mexico’s 1st in 2018. She won re-election in 2020 against Michelle Garcia Holmes (R) 58.2% to 41.8%. New Mexico's 1st was rated Solid Democratic during the 2020 general election. The district last elected a Republican in 2006, when Heather Wilson (R) was re-elected. In the 2020 presidential election, Joe Biden (D) defeated Donald Trump (R) in the district 60.2% to 37.4%.[40]
The outcome of this race affected partisan control of the U.S. House of Representatives in the 117th Congress. At the time of the election, Democrats had a 219 to 211 majority over Republicans. Five seats were vacant. As of July 19, 2024, 17 special elections have been called during the 117th Congress. From the 113th Congress to the 116th Congress, 50 special elections were held. For more data on historical congressional special elections, click here.
New York's 19th District Congressional District
A special election to fill the seat representing New York's 19th Congressional District in the U.S. House was held in 2022. The general election was held August 23, 2022. The filing deadline was June 14, 2022.[41]
The special election filled the vacancy left by Antonio Delgado (D), who resigned after Gov. Kathy Hochul (D) selected him as lieutenant governor.
New York's 23rd District Congressional District
A special election to fill the seat representing New York's 23rd Congressional District in the U.S. House was held in 2022. The general election was held August 23, 2022. The filing deadline was June 14, 2022.[41]
The special election filled the vacancy left by Tom Reed (R), who resigned on May 10, 2022, after previously announcing he would not run for re-election at the end of his term.
Ohio's 11th Congressional District
Shontel Brown (D) defeated Laverne Gore (R) in a special election to fill the seat representing Ohio's 11th Congressional District in the U.S. House on November 2, 2021. Brown received 81.7 percent of the vote and Gore received 18.3 percent of the vote. Primaries were scheduled for August 3, 2021. The general election was held November 2, 2021. The filing deadline was May 5, 2021.[42]
The special election was called after Marcia Fudge (D-Ohio) was confirmed as secretary of housing and urban development in President Joe Biden's (D) administration. The Senate voted 66-34 to confirm Fudge on March 10, 2021.[43]
Fudge's district, Ohio's 11th Congressional District, was rated Solid Democratic during the 2020 general election.
Ohio's 15th Congressional District
Mike Carey (R) defeated Allison Russo (D) to win the special election in Ohio's 15th Congressional District in the U.S. House. Carey and Russo won their respective primaries on August 3, 2021, to advance to the special general election on November 2, 2021.[44] The filing deadline was May 17, 2021.[45]
The special election filled the vacancy left by Steve Stivers (R), who resigned to become the President and CEO of the Ohio Chamber of Commerce, effective May 16, 2021.[46]
Oklahoma Senate
On November 8, 2022, there was a special election to fill the rest of the six-year term that Jim Inhofe (R) was elected to in 2020. Primaries were scheduled for June 28, 2022, and primary runoffs were scheduled for August 23, 2022.[47][48] The filing deadline was April 15, 2022.[49]
The special election filled the vacancy left by Inhofe, who announced his plan to resign effective January 3, 2023, in order to spend time with family.[50][51]
Texas' 6th Congressional District
Jake Ellzey (R) defeated Susan Wright (R) in a July 27, 2021, special runoff election to fill the vacancy in Texas' 6th Congressional District.[52] With 98% of precincts reporting, Ellzey received 53% of the vote to Wright's 47%.[53] Both runoff candidates were Republicans. The seat did not change party control as a result of the special election.
The two advanced from a 23-candidate special election on May 1, 2021.[54] Wright received 19.2% of the vote, while Ellzey received 13.8% of the vote.
The previous incumbent, Ronald Wright (R), died from COVID-19 related complications on February 7, 2021. Susan Wright is Ronald Wright's widow. Former President Donald Trump (R) endorsed her on April 26.[55] Former Texas Gov. Rick Perry (R), who served in Trump's cabinet, endorsed Ellzey.[56]
Patrick Svitek of The Texas Tribune reported that in statements and interviews in the days following the special election, the candidates "[agreed] that they do not have many — if any — policy differences." In an interview with Mark Davis, a conservative radio host based in Texas, Wright said that she and Ellzey differed more in style than on policy and that the runoff would be about who voters trust more to fight for them in Congress. In his interview with Davis, Ellzey blamed any divisiveness in the election on Club for Growth, which ran ads against Ellzey. Following the special election, David McIntosh, president of the Club for Growth, called on Ellzey to drop out of the race and endorse Wright.[57][58]
The district was more competitive in both presidential and congressional elections from 2012 to 2020. In 2020, Donald Trump (R) won the district 51% to 48%, running behind Wright, who won 53% to 44%. In 2016, Trump won the district 54% to 42%, while then-Rep. Joe Barton (R) won 58% to 39%. In 2012, Mitt Romney (R) won the district 58% to 41% while Joe Barton won re-election 58% to 39%. Midterm elections in the district followed the same trend. In 2018, Wright won re-election 53% to 45%, while Barton won 61% to 36% in 2014.
Special elections to fill Biden administration appointment vacancies
The following special elections were called to fill vacancies opened by Biden administration appointments.
| Special elections to the 117th Congress to fill Biden administration appointee vacancies | ||
|---|---|---|
| District | Incumbent | Election date |
| New Mexico's 1st Congressional District | Debra Haaland (D) | June 1, 2021 |
| Ohio's 11th Congressional District | Marcia Fudge (D) | November 2, 2021 |
Historical election data
Special elections, 2013-2022
From 2013 to 2022, 67 special elections to the United States Congress were called during the 113th through 117th Congresses. During that time, special elections were called for 23 seats vacated by Democrats and 44 vacated by Republicans.
The table below details how many congressional seats changed parties as the result of a special election between 2013 and 2022. The numbers on the left side of the table reflect how many vacant seats were originally held by each party, while the numbers on the right side of the table show how many vacant seats each party won in special elections.
| Congressional special election vacancies and results, 113th Congress to 117th Congress | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Congress | Total elections held | Vacancies before elections | Seats held after elections | Net change | ||
| Democrats
|
Republicans
|
Democrats
|
Republicans
| |||
| 117th Congress | 17 | 7 | 10 | 7 | 10 | No change |
| 116th Congress | 10 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 6 | +1D, -1R |
| 115th Congress | 17 | 4 | 13 | 8 | 9 | +4 D, -4 R |
| 114th Congress | 7 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 5 | No change |
| 113th Congress | 16 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 9 | No change |
| Averages | 13 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 7 | N/A |
| U.S. Senate special election partisan change from special elections, 113th Congress to 117th Congress | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of special election | After special election | ||||
| Democrats |
5 | 8 | ||||
| Republicans |
7 | 4 | ||||
| Total | 12 | 12 | ||||
| U.S. House special election partisan change from special elections, 113th Congress to 117th Congress | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of special election | After special election | ||||
| Democrats |
18 | 20 | ||||
| Republicans |
37 | 35 | ||||
| Total | 55 | 55 | ||||
Special elections, 1986-2012
The table below presents the results of special elections to Congress from 1986 to 2012. Contact Ballotpedia at editor@ballotpedia.org for access to earlier data.
| Results of special elections to Congress (1986-2012) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Election cycle | Total special elections | U.S. House elections | Seats changing partisan control | U.S. Senate elections | Seats changing partisan control | |
| 2011-2012 | 11 | 11 | None | None | None | |
| 2009-2010 | 15 | 10 | 3 (2 Democratic gains; 1 Republican gain) | 5 | 2 (all Republican gains) | |
| 2007-2008 | 14 | 12 | 3 (2 Republican gains; 1 Democratic gain) | 2 | None | |
| 2005-2006 | 12 | 12 | 3 (all Democratic gains) | None | None | |
| 2003-2004 | 6 | 6 | None | None | None | |
| 2001-2002 | 6 | 5 | 2 (all Democratic gains) | 1 | 1 (Republican gain) | |
| 1999-2000 | 9 | 8 | 1 (Republican gain) | 1 | 1 (Democratic gain) | |
| 1997-1998 | 3 | 3 | None | None | None | |
| 1995-1996 | 11 | 9 | 1 (Republican gain) | 2 | 1 (Democratic gain) | |
| 1993-1994 | 9 | 6 | 1 (Republican gain) | 3 | 3 (all Republican gains) | |
| 1991-1992 | 10 | 7 | 2 (all Republican gains) | 3 | 1 (Democratic gain) | |
| 1989-1990 | 10 | 8 | 1 (Democratic gain) | 2 | None | |
| 1987-1988 | 12 | 12 | 3 (2 Democratic gains; 1 Republican gain) | None | None | |
| 1985-1986 | 8 | 8 | 1 (Republican gain) | None | None | |
| Total | 136 | 117 | 21 (11 Democratic gains; 10 Republican gains) | 19 | 9 (6 Republican gains; 3 Democratic gains) | |
See also
- United States Congress
- United States Senate
- United States House of Representatives
- Filling vacancies in the U.S. Senate
- Joe Biden presidential transition
Footnotes
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' presidential results by congressional district for 2020, 2016, and 2012," accessed April 6, 2021
- ↑ Runoff MOV between two Democratic candidates.
- ↑ This special election was called to fill the vacancy left by 2020 Congressman-elect Luke Letlow (R), who died before being sworn in to Congress.
- ↑ Runoff MOV between two Republican candidates.
- ↑ Runoff MOV between two Republican candidates.
- ↑ 270towin, "Historical Timeline," accessed March 25, 2022
- ↑ New York Times, "Alaska At-Large Congressional District Special Election Results," accessed August 31, 2022
- ↑ Alaska Public Media, "Gross, a top four candidate for US House, calls it quits," June 20, 2022
- ↑ Anchorage Daily News, "Alaska U.S. Rep. Don Young has died at age 88," accessed March 18, 2022
- ↑ The Texas Tribune, "U.S. Rep. Filemon Vela steps down, setting up a heated battle for his South Texas district," March 31, 2022
- ↑ California Secretary of State, "Congressional District 22, Special Primary Election Calendar," accessed January 10, 2022
- ↑ NPR, "Rep. Devin Nunes is resigning from Congress to be CEO of Trump's new media company," December 6, 2021
- ↑ California Secretary of State, "June 7, 2022, Statewide Direct Primary Election Calendar," accessed January 31, 2022
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Dates and Deadlines," accessed January 31, 2022
- ↑ NBC 6 South Florida, "DeSantis Announces Special Election for Congressional District 20," May 4, 2021
- ↑ Florida Division of Elections, "Notice of Special Election for the Office of United States Representative in Congress, District 20," accessed June 1, 2021
- ↑ The Hill, "Florida Rep. Alcee Hastings dead at 84," April 6, 2021
- ↑ Indiana Secretary of State, "FAQ re: Special Elections in Indiana's 2nd Congressional District," accessed August 11, 2022
- ↑ CNN, "Indiana Republican Rep. Jackie Walorski is killed in car accident, McCarthy announces," accessed August 3, 2022
- ↑ New Orleans Public Radio, "Baton Rouge Activist Gary Chambers Mounts Bid For 2nd Congressional Dist. Seat," February 2, 2021
- ↑ The Advocate, "2nd Congressional Districts candidates go to TV," February 13, 2021
- ↑ KLFY, "Who will succeed Cedric Richmond in Congress? Hopefuls file their papers," January 21, 2021
- ↑ NOLA, "Karen Carter Peterson steers slightly left of Troy Carter in first Louisiana congressional debate," April 16, 2021
- ↑ Daily Advertiser, "Joe Biden names 9 top White House appointees, including Rep. Cedric Richmond and campaign manager O'Malley Dillon," November 17, 2020
- ↑ The Hill, "Louisiana Rep.-elect hospitalized as a precaution for COVID-19 infection," December 19, 2020
- ↑ Candy Christophe's 2021 campaign website, "Meet Candy," accessed February 3, 2021
- ↑ Julia Letlow's 2021 campaign website, "Julia Letlow, Ph.D., Announces Candidacy for Louisiana’s 5th Congressional District," January 19, 2021
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' presidential results by congressional district for 2020, 2016, and 2012," accessed February 3, 2021
- ↑ Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "Alexander, Rodney," accessed March 11, 2021
- ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, "Get Election Information," accessed March 18, 2021
- ↑ Minnesota Secretary of State, "Congressional District 1 Special Election," accessed February 23, 2022
- ↑ CBS Minnesota, "Congressman Jim Hagedorn Dies," February 18, 2022
- ↑ Nebraska Secretary of State, "2022 Special Election - U.S. Congressional District 1," accessed April 4, 2022
- ↑ KETV Omaha, "Nebraska Congressman Jeff Fortenberry convicted for lying to FBI about foreign campaign contribution," March 24, 2022
- ↑ AP News, "US Rep. Jeff Fortenberry of Nebraska announces resignation," accessed March 26, 2022
- ↑ NPR, "Deb Haaland Confirmed As 1st Native American Interior Secretary," March 15, 2021
- ↑ New Mexico Secretary of State, "Election Results: Special Congressional Election June 1, 2021," accessed June 3, 2021
- ↑ Albuquerque Journal, "Stansbury chosen as Democratic nominee for special election," March 31, 2021
- ↑ Albuquerque Journal, "Mark Moores will be Republican CD1 candidate," March 27, 2021
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' presidential results by congressional district for 2020, 2016, and 2012," accessed April 20, 2021
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 New York State Board of Elections, "Official Special Election Political Calendar," accessed June 8, 2022
- ↑ News 5 Cleveland, "Ohio Gov. Mike DeWine announces date for special election to fill Marcia Fudge's 11th Congressional seat," March 18, 2021
- ↑ CNN, "Senate confirms Ohio Rep. Marcia Fudge as HUD secretary," March 10, 2021
- ↑ WFMJ NBC 21, "Governor Mike DeWine calls special election for Ohio's 15th Congressional District," April 26, 2021
- ↑ WFMJ NBC 21, "Governor Mike DeWine calls special election for Ohio's 15th Congressional District," April 26, 2021
- ↑ ABC 6, "Steve Stivers resigns from Congress to lead Ohio Chamber of Commerce," April 19, 2021
- ↑ The Oklahoman, "Oklahoma Gov. Kevin Stitt sets special election to replace Sen. Jim Inhofe," March 1, 2022
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Dates and deadlines," accessed March 4, 2022
- ↑ Oklahoma State Election Board, "2022 Statutory Election Dates and Deadlines," accessed March 4, 2022
- ↑ The Oklahoman, "Sen. Jim Inhofe to resign from Senate, backs top aide Luke Holland to succeed him," February 25, 2022
- ↑ kjrh.com, "U.S. Sen. Jim Inhofe makes resignation announcement amid COVID-19 diagnosis," February 24, 2022
- ↑ Office of the Texas Governor, "Proclamation for District 6 runoff, Wright replacement election," accessed May 12, 2021
- ↑ NBC DFW, "Jake Ellzey Declares Victory in District 6 Runoff Election," July 27, 2021
- ↑ Governor of Texas Greg Abbott, "Special election proclamation - 6th Congressional District," accessed February 24, 2021
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedperry - ↑ The Texas Tribune, "Texas GOP gears up for contentious runoff in TX-6 congressional race as Democrats grapple with being shut out," May 5, 2021
- ↑ Club for Growth, "CLUB FOR GROWTH PAC CONGRATULATES SUSAN WRIGHT," May 2, 2021
- ↑ Both general election candidates were Republicans.
- ↑ This race was unopposed.
- ↑ 61.0 61.1 Both general election candidates were Democrats.
- ↑ Lamb won by a margin of 0.4 percentage points.
- ↑ Wild won by a margin of 0.2 percentage points.
- ↑ The state Board of Elections declined to certify the results of the 2018 election following allegations of absentee ballot fraud.
- ↑ Collins won by 0.3 percentage points.
- ↑ This special election was called to fill the vacancy left by 2020 Congressman-elect Luke Letlow (R), who died before being sworn in to Congress.
- ↑ Runoff MOV between two Republican candidates.
- ↑ Runoff MOV between two Democratic candidates.
- ↑ Runoff MOV between two Republican candidates.
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