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Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq, Syria, and the Mediterranean Sea (and Cyprus) to the south; and the Aegean Sea, Greece, and Bulgaria to the west. Turkey is home to over 85 million people; most are ethnic Turks, while ethnic Kurds are the largest ethnic minority. Officially a secular state, Turkey has a Muslim-majority population. Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city. Istanbul is its largest city, and its economic and financial center, as well as the largest city in Europe. Other major cities include İzmir, Bursa and Antalya.

Humans have been present on Turkish soil since the Late Paleolithic. Home to important Neolithic sites like Göbekli Tepe and some of the earliest farming areas, present-day Turkey was inhabited by various ancient peoples. Hattians were assimilated by the Anatolian peoples. Classical Anatolia transitioned into cultural Hellenization following the conquests of Alexander the Great; Hellenization continued during the Roman and Byzantine eras. The Seljuk Turks began migrating into Anatolia in the 11th century, starting the Turkification process. The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243, when it disintegrated into Turkish principalities. Beginning in 1299, the Ottomans united the principalities and expanded; Mehmed II conquered Istanbul in 1453. During the reigns of Selim I and Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire became a global power. From 1789 onwards, the empire saw major transformation, reforms, and centralization while its territory declined. Following Ottoman defeat in World War I, the Turkish War of Independence resulted in the abolition of the sultanate and the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne. The Republic was proclaimed on 29 October 1923, modelled on the reforms initiated by the country's first president, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Turkey remained neutral during most of World War II. Soon after, Turkey transitioned from single-party rule to a multiparty democracy, aligned itself with the West by joining NATO in 1952 and was involved in the Korean War. Coups in 1960 and 1980 interrupted the transition to a multi-party system.

Turkey is an upper-middle-income and emerging country; its economy is the world's 18th-largest by nominal and 11th-largest by PPP-adjusted GDP. It is a unitary presidential republic. Turkey is a founding member of the OECD, G20, and Organization of Turkic States. With a geopolitically significant location, Turkey is a regional power and an early member of NATO. An EU candidate, Turkey is part of the EU Customs Union, CoE, OIC, and TURKSOY.

Turkey has coastal plains, a high central plateau, and various mountain ranges; its climate is temperate with harsher conditions in the interior. Home to three biodiversity hotspots, Turkey is prone to frequent earthquakes and is highly vulnerable to climate change. Turkey has universal healthcare, growing access to education, and increasing innovativeness. It is a leading TV content exporter. With 21 UNESCO World Heritage sites, 30 UNESCO intangible cultural heritage inscriptions, and a rich and diverse cuisine, Turkey is the fifth most visited country in the world. (Full article...)

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The 4th arch, today half-buried. The exceptionally flat profile of the arch is evident.

The Bridge near Limyra (in Turkish: Kırkgöz Kemeri, "Bridge of the Forty Arches") is a late Roman bridge in Lycia, in modern south-west Turkey, and one of the oldest segmented arch bridges in the world. Located near the ancient city of Limyra, it is the largest civil engineering structure of antiquity in the region, spanning the Alakır Çayı river over a length of 360 m (1,181.1 ft) on 26 segmental arches. These arches, with a span-to-rise ratio of 5.3:1, give the bridge an unusually flat profile, and were unsurpassed as an architectural achievement until the late Middle Ages. Today, the structure is largely buried by river sediments and surrounded by greenhouses. Despite its unique features, the bridge remains relatively unknown, and only in the 1970s did researchers from the Istanbul branch of the German Archaeological Institute carry out field examinations on the site. (Full article...)

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General images

The following are images from various Turkey-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Tevfik Fikret (1867–1915) was a prominent Turkish poet of the late Ottoman era. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 2Namık Kemal was a prominent Turkish poet, novelist, playwright and journalist of the late-19th-century Ottoman Empire. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 3View from Levent district in Istanbul. Istanbul's skyline has changed especially since the early 2000s. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 4Orhan Veli Kanık was the founder of the Garip Movement in Turkish poetry. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 5Mount Nemrut, Adıyaman (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 6Yalikavak Palmarina in Bodrum (2014) designed by Emre Arolat (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 7Turkish delight (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 8Mount Ararat (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 9Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca was one of the most prolific Turkish poets of the Turkish Republic with more than 60 collections of his poems published, laureate of the Struga Poetry Evenings Golden Wreath Award. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 10Butterfly Valley on the Turkish Riviera. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 11Anıtkabir designed by Emin Halid Onat and Ahmet Orhan Arda (1944–53) (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 12Turkish coffee (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 13Recaizade Mahmud Ekrem (1847–1914) was another prominent Turkish poet of the late Ottoman era. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 14Mehmed II enters Constantinople by Fausto Zonaro (from History of Turkey)
Image 15Orhan Pamuk, winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 16The empire in 555 under Justinian the Great, at its greatest extent since the fall of the Western Roman Empire (its vassals in pink) (from History of Turkey)
Image 17Entrance portal of the Karatay Madrasa in Konya (c. 1251) (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 18Mount Erciyes near Kayseri (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 19Ankara (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 20Map showing events of the first phases of the Greco-Persian Wars (from History of Turkey)
Image 21View of Beydağları Coastal National Park (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 22The sultan of the golden age, Suleiman the Magnificent. (from History of Turkey)
Image 23Selimiye Mosque in Edirne (1568–1574) (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 24Atatürk on the cover of the Time magazine, Vol. I No. 4, March 24, 1923. Title: "Mustapha Kemal Pasha" (from History of Turkey)
Image 25A view of Levent from Kanlıca across the Bosporus (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 26Night view of the Taksim Mosque (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 27Istanbul Sapphire (2006–11) is the tallest building in Turkey and 4th in Europe. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 28Beaches and marina of Kemer near Antalya on the Turkish Riviera (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 29Map showing the Anatolian Plate, the North Anatolian Fault and East Anatolian Fault in Turkey. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 30Turkish national basketball team won the silver medal in the 2010 FIBA World Championship. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 31Thrace and the Thracian Odrysian kingdom in its maximum extent under Sitalces (431-424 BC) (from History of Turkey)
Image 32Antalya (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 33Kaçkar Mountains (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 34View of Dilek Peninsula-Büyük Menderes Delta National Park (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 35Adnan Menderes, İsmet İnönü, and the other members of the Parliament wearing a white tie and top hat. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 36Istanbul (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 37An Oil wrestling tournament in Istanbul. This has been the national sport of Turkey since Ottoman times. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 38Köppen climate types of Turkey (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 39Karagöz and Hacivat are the lead characters of the traditional Turkish shadow play, popularized during the Ottoman period. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 40Originally a church, later a mosque, and now a Grand mosque, the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul was built by the Byzantines in the 6th century. (from History of Turkey)
Image 41Sami Frashëri (1850–1904) and his wife Emine, May 1884. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 42Istanbul University Faculty of Science and Faculty of Literature Buildings (1944–52) designed by Sedad Hakkı Eldem and Emin Onat (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 43Map of the Hittite Empire at its greatest extent, with Hittite rule c. 1350–1300 BC represented by the green line (from History of Turkey)
Image 44The Ottoman Empire in 1683, at the start of the Great Turkish War (1683–1699) (from History of Turkey)
Image 45The Bath-Gymnasium complex at Sardis in Turkey. (from History of Turkey)
Image 46Map of the Lydian Kingdom in its final period of sovereignty under Croesus, c. 547 BC. (from History of Turkey)
Image 47Ankara Opera House, designed by Şevki Balmumcu (1933–34) and renovation by Paul Bonatz (1946–47). (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 48The Nation's Library of the Presidency, Ankara (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 49Roosevelt, İnönü and Churchill at the Second Cairo Conference which was held between 4–6 December 1943. (from History of Turkey)
Image 50Lake Van (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 51Map of earthquakes in Turkey 1900–2023 (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 52First Ziraat Bank Headquarters (1925–29) in Ankara designed by Giulio Mongeri is an important symbol of the First National Architectural Movement. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 53Designed by Şekip Akalın, Ankara Central Station (1937) is a notable art deco design of its era. (from Culture of Turkey)

Did you know - show different entries

... that the Turkish military coup of 1971 is known as a coup by memorandum? (August 10, 2004) Wikipedia:Recent additions 13
... that the Mecelle, the Ottoman civil code of 1877, was the first attempt to codify part of the laws of an Islamic state? (January 7, 2007) Wikipedia:Recent additions 115
... that despite being a key building of middle byzantine Architecture, the mosque of Eski Imaret
(pictured) is still one among the least studied monuments of Istanbul? (June 28, 2007) Wikipedia:Recent additions 150
... that the award-winning Turkish restaurant Changa in Istanbul is being supervised by the Kiwi chef Peter Gordon? (February 23, 2008)
... that Yavuz Yapıcıoğlu, nicknamed the "Screwdriver Killer", is the serial killer with the highest known victim count in Turkey? (March 22, 2014)
... that the 1621 Battle of Khotyn resulted directly in the death of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth leader, hetman Jan Karol Chodkiewicz, and indirectly in the death of the Ottoman Empire commander, sultan Osman II? (July 20, 2007) Wikipedia:Recent additions 155
... that the mosque of Hirami Ahmet Pasha
(pictured) in Istanbul is the smallest Byzantine church of Constantinople still extant? (November 18, 2007) Wikipedia:Recent additions 187

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Image 1Antalya
Image 2A faculty of Sakarya University
Image 3Lake Akdoğan in Muş
Image 4Atatürk praying
Image 5The tughra of Mahmud II. "Mahmud Han bin Abdulhamid muzaffer daima" ("Mahmud Khan son of Abdulhamid is forever victorious").
Image 6Iznik, 16th-century vase
Image 7The Temple of Athena at Priene, an ancient site near Turunçlar in Aydın province.
Image 8Tünel, Istanbul
Image 9Kemer
Image 10Ölüdeniz
Image 11An airplane with a nazar boncuğu symbol that is said to offer protection from the "evil eye".
Image 12the Bosphorus Bridge
Image 13Rize
Image 14Mount Nemrut
Image 15A tram in Istanbul
Image 16The sun setting over the Golden Horn in the city of Istanbul.
Image 17Safranbolu
Image 18A Kocek
Image 19Tarkan with Hungarian fans
Image 201. picture on portal: The prominent towers of Dayro d-Mor Gabriel; 15th December 2005
Image 21Lahmacun
Image 22the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne
Image 23The ancient Lake Abant Nature Park in Bolu
Image 24Cappadocia
Image 25Aydilge Sarp; Turkish singer, songwriter and novelist
Image 2618th-century Ottoman barber's apron
Image 27Flag of Turkey, from flowers

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Yılmaz in 2023

Burak Yılmaz (born 15 July 1985) is a Turkish professional football coach and former player who played as a forward. He is the current head coach of Süper Lig club Kayserispor.

Yılmaz is one of nine players to play for each of the Big Three clubs of Istanbul, and one of only two players who have played for these three clubs as well as Trabzonspor along with Sergen Yalçın. (Full article...)

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Piri Reis Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Ahmet Necdet Sezer Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Alp Arslan Nureddin Pasha Tuncay Şanlı İsmet İnönü Sıla (singer) Orhan Pamuk Erol Gelenbe Kemal Derviş Hande Yener Sertab Erener Said Altınordu Tarkan (singer) Junayd of Aydın Daron Acemoglu

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A traditional Turkish dance competition in Goreme, Turkey, 2012

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Videos from Turkey on Wikimedia Commons

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“

Heroes who shed their blood and lost their lives! You are now lying in the soil of a friendly country. Therefore rest in peace. There is no difference between the Johnnies and Mehmets to us where they lie side by side here in this country of ours. You, the mothers, who sent their sons from far away countries wipe away your tears; your sons are now lying in our bosom and are in peace. After having lost their lives on this land they have become our sons as well.

”

1934 ~ Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

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Turkish proverbs in Wikiquote

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Recognized content

	Alanya, Byzantine Empire, SMS Goeben, The Turk, List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, Istanbul, Italian War of 1521–1526, Italian War of 1542–1546, List of battleships of the Ottoman Empire, Rhodes blood libel
	2004 Istanbul summit, 2008 Turkish Grand Prix, Battle of Manzikert, Battle of Marash, Battle of Vaslui, Church of St. Polyeuctus, First Crusade, Great Zab, Hood event, Limyra Bridge, Siege of Szigetvár, Night Attack at Târgoviște, Third Perso-Turkic War, Walls of Constantinople, Gallipoli Campaign, Battle of Lone Pine