SYLVIE DOUGLIS, BYLINE: NPR.
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WAILIN WONG, HOST:
This is THE INDICATOR FROM PLANET MONEY. I'm Wailin Wong.
DARIAN WOODS, HOST:
And I'm Darian Woods. And we have NPR's congressional correspondent, Deirdre Walsh, with us today. She's dialing in from the House of Representatives. Hi, Deirdre.
DEIRDRE WALSH, BYLINE: Hey there.
WONG: Deirdre, the stock market is on a tear right now. And you reported the story that caught our attention about a company that partnered with the financial firm Subversive to allow everyday people to invest like members of Congress.
WALSH: Right, so this was initially created by a trader who calls himself Unusual Whales.
WOODS: Love the name.
WALSH: He has created two separate ETFs.
WOODS: Exchange-traded funds.
WALSH: Right, that are modeled on the trades by members of Congress. So he's using publicly available forms, disclosure forms by these lawmakers or their spouses' independent children's trades to model one ETF called NANC, which is modeled on Democratic lawmakers' trades, named after former speaker Nancy Pelosi.
WONG: So casual. NANC.
WALSH: And another ETF called KRUZ after Republican Texas Senator Ted Cruz...
WOODS: Very good.
WALSH: ...To show how the two different parties' investment strategies are working in the market.
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WONG: Darian, today on the show, you and I are going to invest in these two exchange-traded funds, as in these funds that track a range of different companies. One of us will go with NANC, comprising companies held by Democratic members of Congress, and the other will go the KRUZ direction, companies held by Republicans.
WOODS: And as we do this, we'll also consider whether politicians should even be allowed to play the market.
WONG: So, Deirdre, how do you think we're going to do?
WALSH: I think you're going to do really well based on the past experience of these funds.
WOODS: Well, past performance is no indication of future performance.
WONG: No, no, I think we're going to get rich, Darian.
WOODS: If you can't beat 'em, join 'em.
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WOODS: All right. So, Wailin, I now have here the PLANET MONEY investment fund.
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WOODS: It's a very sophisticated jar.
WONG: Oh, there's actually stuff in it? 'Cause, you know, the PLANET MONEY stock trading experiments have not gone that well in the past. Let's just say.
WOODS: Yeah, the origin was in 2010 when the PLANET MONEY team bought a toxic asset. Needless to say, that didn't go so well.
WONG: OK, should we count out how much we have to fritter away on this new experiment we're doing?
WOODS: Invest, invest, not fritter. We have 50, 60, 73, 74, 75, 76, $77 and I see a quarter and a dime.
WONG: Nice.
WOODS: $77.35.
WONG: That's a great amount of capital to start with.
WOODS: Now, this should be enough to buy these exchange-traded funds that are based on Congress members trading. As we're taping now, one share of NANC or N-A-N-C is going for a little over $35 a share.
WONG: And then KRUZ with a K, K-R-U-Z, it is almost $30. OK. Now, Darian, there's one-quarter in the jar, right? I can do a coin flip for you to figure out which one of us will invest in which ETF. Heads for NANC, tails for KRUZ, OK?
WOODS: All right.
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WONG: It's heads.
WOODS: OK. I have the NANC approach and KRUZ for you.
WONG: And KRUZ for me. So we'll each buy one share, and we'll check back in a week to see how we did.
WOODS: Wait, Wailin, what did we actually invest in?
WONG: Yeah. So I'm just taking a scroll through this portfolio and I'm looking at what's in the KRUZ ETF, and the biggest category of holdings is actually oil and gas. So almost 11% of the KRUZ ETF is in oil, gas, and consumable fuels.
WOODS: I'm going to look at the democratic one on the N-A-N-C NANC ETF. I'm seeing oil gas and consumable fuels is actually 0.65%. So basically zero.
WONG: Really, less than a percent? Oh, gosh.
WOODS: Very little. What about software?
WONG: Yeah, mine is 6.2%.
WOODS: Mine is 17.5%, so...
WONG: What, really?
WOODS: ...Democratic Congresspeople love software, but Republicans less so.
WONG: Oh, that's really interesting.
WOODS: Yeah. And on the Dems list, I also see pharmaceuticals, retail, insurance.
WONG: Yep, same here. Investments all over the economy.
WOODS: Well, I'm feeling good about my investment because the trading based on Democratic lawmakers and their families is up 20% in the year to mid-June. And that's about five percentage points more than the S&P 500, which is a reasonable proxy for the overall U.S. stock market.
WONG: KRUZ hasn't done as well. Those Republican lawmakers' trades are, on average, up only 9%, not as good as the stock market as a whole. But regardless, this raises the question of whether politicians are using inside information to profit from the stock market.
WOODS: Yeah, Josh Graham Lynn is the CEO and co-founder of RepresentUs, which is an anti-corruption advocacy group, and he does not like the status quo.
JOSH GRAHAM LYNN: Members of Congress who are serving the American people simply shouldn't be in a position to trade individual stocks.
WONG: Josh supports a bill to ban this trading. And, you know, because all bills just have to have an aptronym.
WOODS: An aptronym?
WONG: Yes, this is an acronym that actually spells out a real word. This one is called the Ending Trading and Holdings in Congressional Stocks Act or the ETHICS Act.
WOODS: Very clever.
WONG: Now, Josh is OK with members of Congress investing in funds where they're tracking an overall rise in the market, just not trading individual companies.
LYNN = CEO/CO-FOUNDER, REPRESENTUS: I don't think anybody wants to limit members of Congress from making investments and having a positive retirement ahead of them. It's when there's a perception of conflict of interest or perception of insider trading. That's what's really damaging to both Congress' credibility and the American people's trust in our political system.
WOODS: Just 16% of Americans surveyed by the Pew Research Center say they trust the government to do what's right, just about always or most of the time.
WONG: Oh, geez, that's really low, 16%.
WOODS: Not so good. And with the stock trading they're doing, it would be good to know the reality, like, are politicians systemically making outsized gains on their stock trading?
BRUCE SACERDOTE: Short answer is no, absolutely not.
WOODS: Bruce Sacerdote is a professor of economics at Dartmouth College, and he and his co-authors tallied all the congressional trades from 2012 to late 2020.
SACERDOTE: On average, they do average. You know, stuff that they sell sometimes goes up, stuff that they buy goes up, down, and in our paper, they, as a group, underperform.
WONG: Bruce is not saying corruption in regards to trading never occurs. It just doesn't appear to be systemic. He finds even the top 1% of traders don't look any different from stocks randomly picked, like the proverbial monkeys throwing darts at a dartboard.
WOODS: Now, Bruce didn't test monkeys with darts, but he did test reindeer.
WONG: Actual reindeer.
WOODS: Yes. Bruce and his college student co-authors did some further research where they literally went to a Christmas-style theme park called Santa's Village. And they got reindeer to pick stocks by walking on pages of the Wall Street Journal.
SACERDOTE: They used the point of the hoof to decide which stock they were buying.
WOODS: Wow, so you actually did this - I was reading the paper, and I wasn't sure if this was just a Christmas parody, but you actually got the reindeers to pick stocks?
SACERDOTE: Absolutely. And, you know, some of my favorite parts of the paper where we point out that they exhibit herding behavior and that they're good at sniffing out new trends.
WONG: I feel like Bruce, like, temporarily turned into a zoologist. Are we talking about investors or animals?
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WOODS: Look, he always wanted to study biology, but his parents made him study economics. But, you know, Bruce does say there is a serious point here.
SACERDOTE: The reindeer outperformed the Congresspeople and the senators on average, especially in a finite time horizon, and a couple of good picks dominate everything. And that point might carry over to the recent conversations about congressional leaders doing so well 'cause you have this idea that, well, maybe Nancy Pelosi is really killing it in Nvidia and other tech stocks. But you have to ask yourself, OK, is that really inside information, or is it that she represents a district that has a lot of tech companies, and when tech companies are doing well, she and her husband, Paul, are doing well?
WONG: So we asked Josh, the advocate for bans on congressional stock trading, whether this kind of evidence made him rethink his position.
LYNN = CEO/CO-FOUNDER, REPRESENTUS: I don't think so. Think of it this way. If you had an NBA player who was bad at rigging the rules in favor of their team, would you still let them rig the rules in favor of their team? Of course not.
WONG: Maybe this ETHICS bill would protect Congresspeople from their own bad stock picks (laughter).
WOODS: That would be a funny outcome. Well, let's check back on Friday, and we'll see how the funds land.
WONG: It'll be Indicators of the Week, and this time it's personal.
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WOODS: This episode was produced by Julia Ritchey, with engineering by Kwesi Lee. It was fact-checked by Sierra Juarez. Kate Concannon edits the show, and THE INDICATOR is a production of NPR.
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