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Solar eclipse of April 19, 1958

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Solar eclipse of April 19, 1958
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma0.275
Magnitude0.9408
Maximum eclipse
Duration427 s (7 min 7 s)
Coordinates26°30′N 123°36′E / 26.5°N 123.6°E / 26.5; 123.6
Max. width of band228 km (142 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse3:27:17
References
Saros128 (55 of 73)
Catalog # (SE5000)9416

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Saturday, April 19, 1958,[1] with a magnitude of 0.9408. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2.2 days after apogee (on April 16, 1958, at 22:40 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[2]

Annularity was visible in the Maldives, Nicobar Islands, Burma, Thailand including the capital city Bangkok, Cambodia, Laos, North Vietnam and South Vietnam (now belonging to Vietnam), China, British Hong Kong, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands and Japan. Places east of International Date line witnessed the eclipse on April 18 (Friday). A partial eclipse was visible for most of Asia.

This was the last of four central solar eclipses visible from Bangkok from 1948 to 1958, where it is extremely rare for a large city to witness four central solar eclipses within 10 years.

Observation

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Compared with a total solar eclipse, the chromosphere, corona and solar prominence are invisible during an annular eclipse. However, observations of millimeter-wave solar radio can provide data for lower- and mid-layer structure of the chromosphere, which is more valuable during an annular solar eclipse.[3]

China

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A joint observation team formed by the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (predecessor of today's Russian Academy of Sciences) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences conducted 8-millimeter radio observation in Sanya, Hainan Island, China using the equatorial parabolic radio telescope manufactured by the Lebedev Physical Institute and the dual-channel radiometer as a receiver.[3][4] Radio astronomy started to develop from then in China.[5] Due to the Sino-Soviet split soon after this eclipse, the two countries did not conduct any joint observations of the total solar eclipse of September 22, 1968. On January 23, 1969, the People's Daily published an article reporting the observation of the eclipse in 1968, where it also criticized that the Soviet Union "plundered data of the annular solar eclipse" in 1958, only left China a "worn radio telescope antenna", and later even asked for it back.[6]

Japan

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Observation ships were sent to Hachijō-jima, Izu Islands, Japan.[7] Pictures were also taken in Tanegashima, Osumi Islands, and luminosity, air pressure, temperature, humidity, water temperature of the storage tank, ground temperature, wind direction, wind speed and other data were recorded every 10 minutes.[8]

Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[9]

April 19, 1958 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 1958 April 19 at 00:24:41.6 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 1958 April 19 at 01:30:53.9 UTC
First Central Line 1958 April 19 at 01:33:33.8 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 1958 April 19 at 01:36:14.1 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact 1958 April 19 at 02:47:56.9 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 1958 April 19 at 03:23:59.6 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 1958 April 19 at 03:27:16.7 UTC
Greatest Duration 1958 April 19 at 03:33:53.0 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 1958 April 19 at 03:36:02.5 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact 1958 April 19 at 04:06:22.2 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 1958 April 19 at 05:18:13.8 UTC
Last Central Line 1958 April 19 at 05:20:52.8 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 1958 April 19 at 05:23:31.5 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 1958 April 19 at 06:29:44.7 UTC
April 19, 1958 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 0.94082
Eclipse Obscuration 0.88515
Gamma 0.27499
Sun Right Ascension 01h46m12.4s
Sun Declination +10°58'10.3"
Sun Semi-Diameter 15'55.4"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.8"
Moon Right Ascension 01h45m56.6s
Moon Declination +11°12'31.2"
Moon Semi-Diameter 14'45.9"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°54'11.2"
ΔT 32.3 s

Eclipse season

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This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight. The first and last eclipse in this sequence is separated by one synodic month.

Eclipse season of April–May 1958
April 4
Ascending node (full moon)
April 19
Descending node (new moon)
May 3
Ascending node (full moon)
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 102
Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 128
Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 140
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Eclipses in 1958

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 128

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 1957–1960

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[10]

Solar eclipse series sets from 1957 to 1960
Descending node   Ascending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
118 April 30, 1957

Annular (non-central)
0.9992 123 October 23, 1957

Total (non-central)
1.0022
128 April 19, 1958

Annular
0.275 133 October 12, 1958

Total
−0.2951
138 April 8, 1959

Annular
−0.4546 143 October 2, 1959

Total
0.4207
148 March 27, 1960

Partial
−1.1537 153 September 20, 1960

Partial
1.2057

Saros 128

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 128, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 73 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on August 29, 984 AD. It contains total eclipses from May 16, 1417 through June 18, 1471; hybrid eclipses from June 28, 1489 through July 31, 1543; and annular eclipses from August 11, 1561 through July 25, 2120. The series ends at member 73 as a partial eclipse on November 1, 2282. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 27 at 1 minutes, 45 seconds on June 7, 1453, and the longest duration of annularity was produced by member 48 at 8 minutes, 35 seconds on February 1, 1832. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[11]

Series members 47–68 occur between 1801 and 2200:
47 48 49

January 21, 1814

February 1, 1832

February 12, 1850
50 51 52

February 23, 1868

March 5, 1886

March 17, 1904
53 54 55

March 28, 1922

April 7, 1940

April 19, 1958
56 57 58

April 29, 1976

May 10, 1994

May 20, 2012
59 60 61

June 1, 2030

June 11, 2048

June 22, 2066
62 63 64

July 3, 2084

July 15, 2102

July 25, 2120
65 66 67

August 5, 2138

August 16, 2156

August 27, 2174
68

September 6, 2192

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

22 eclipse events between September 12, 1931 and July 1, 2011
September 11–12 June 30–July 1 April 17–19 February 4–5 November 22–23
114 116 118 120 122

September 12, 1931

June 30, 1935

April 19, 1939

February 4, 1943

November 23, 1946
124 126 128 130 132

September 12, 1950

June 30, 1954

April 19, 1958

February 5, 1962

November 23, 1965
134 136 138 140 142

September 11, 1969

June 30, 1973

April 18, 1977

February 4, 1981

November 22, 1984
144 146 148 150 152

September 11, 1988

June 30, 1992

April 17, 1996

February 5, 2000

November 23, 2003
154 156

September 11, 2007

July 1, 2011

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

June 26, 1805
(Saros 114)

May 27, 1816
(Saros 115)

April 26, 1827
(Saros 116)

March 25, 1838
(Saros 117)

February 23, 1849
(Saros 118)

January 23, 1860
(Saros 119)

December 22, 1870
(Saros 120)

November 21, 1881
(Saros 121)

October 20, 1892
(Saros 122)

September 21, 1903
(Saros 123)

August 21, 1914
(Saros 124)

July 20, 1925
(Saros 125)

June 19, 1936
(Saros 126)

May 20, 1947
(Saros 127)

April 19, 1958
(Saros 128)

March 18, 1969
(Saros 129)

February 16, 1980
(Saros 130)

January 15, 1991
(Saros 131)

December 14, 2001
(Saros 132)

November 13, 2012
(Saros 133)

October 14, 2023
(Saros 134)

September 12, 2034
(Saros 135)

August 12, 2045
(Saros 136)

July 12, 2056
(Saros 137)

June 11, 2067
(Saros 138)

May 11, 2078
(Saros 139)

April 10, 2089
(Saros 140)

March 10, 2100
(Saros 141)

February 8, 2111
(Saros 142)

January 8, 2122
(Saros 143)

December 7, 2132
(Saros 144)

November 7, 2143
(Saros 145)

October 7, 2154
(Saros 146)

September 5, 2165
(Saros 147)

August 4, 2176
(Saros 148)

July 6, 2187
(Saros 149)

June 4, 2198
(Saros 150)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

July 27, 1813
(Saros 123)

July 8, 1842
(Saros 124)

June 18, 1871
(Saros 125)

May 28, 1900
(Saros 126)

May 9, 1929
(Saros 127)

April 19, 1958
(Saros 128)

March 29, 1987
(Saros 129)

March 9, 2016
(Saros 130)

February 16, 2045
(Saros 131)

January 27, 2074
(Saros 132)

January 8, 2103
(Saros 133)

December 19, 2131
(Saros 134)

November 27, 2160
(Saros 135)

November 8, 2189
(Saros 136)

Notes

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  1. ^ "April 19, 1958 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
  2. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
  3. ^ a b Н. А. Аменицкий, 李征帆, А. Е. Саломонович, У. В. Хангильдин, 陳鈞量 (June 1959). "1958年4月19日日环食时8毫米太阳射电观测". 天文学报 (Acta Astronomica Sinica). 7 (1): 7–10.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ "Кольцеобразное солнечное затмение 19 апреля 1958 года". Archived from the original on 10 August 2009.
  5. ^ 储姗姗 (2013). "1958年中苏海南岛日食观测与中国射电天文学的开端". 2013中国天文学会学术年会文集.
  6. ^ "用毛泽东思想探索太阳的奥秘——记我国首次大规模日全食综合观测队". People's Daily. 23 January 1969. 一九五八年苏修打着"中苏日环食联合观测"的幌子,来我国掠取日环食资料。观测结束后,把一台破烂不堪的射电望远镜天线留在中国,还美其名曰"帮助中国发展射电天文学"。后来,赫鲁晓夫修正主义集团把这个破烂的射电望远镜天线也要了回去。
  7. ^ "トカラ列島を中心に長い金環日食". 日食ナビ. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
  8. ^ "1958年(昭和33年)の金環日食". 鹿児島県天文協会 (Kagoshima Prefecture Astronomical Association). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  9. ^ "Annular Solar Eclipse of 1958 Apr 19". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
  10. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  11. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 128". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

References

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