Jump to content

Solar eclipse of April 28, 1911

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Solar eclipse of April 28, 1911
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma−0.2294
Magnitude1.0562
Maximum eclipse
Duration297 s (4 min 57 s)
Coordinates1°54′N 151°54′W / 1.9°N 151.9°W / 1.9; -151.9
Max. width of band190 km (120 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse22:27:22
References
Saros127 (52 of 82)
Catalog # (SE5000)9306

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit between Friday, April 28 and Saturday, April 29, 1911,[1][2][3][4] with a magnitude of 1.0562. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.4 days before perigee (on April 30, 1911, at 9:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[5]

Totality was visible from southeastern tip of Australia, Tonga, American Samoa and the Cook Islands. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Oceania, southern North America, Central America, and the western Caribbean.

Observations

[edit]

A team of Stonyhurst College, England and Saint Ignatius' College, Riverview, New South Wales made observations in Vavaʻu Islands, Tonga. Members of Stonyhurst College departed from Tilbury, England by ship on February 3 and arrived in Sydney on March 16. The team later departed from Sydney on March 25 and arrived in Vavaʻu on April 2. All the instruments were shipped ashore on April 5. The weather was clear for the next few days, but heavy rain showers fell almost every day starting from April 10. The southeast wind starting on April 26 brought thick and large cirrus clouds. On April 28, one day before the eclipse, there were many clouds, which lasted until the morning of April 29. On April 29, the eclipse day, the sky cleared before the first contact (beginning of the partial phase). Afterwards, some cumulus clouds passed through at first, and the weather remained relatively good. During the totality, weather conditions were good in Neiafu, but some areas about 2 miles (3.2 km) away were affected by cirrostratus clouds, and the sun was not visible until 90 seconds before the third contact (end of the total phase). During the eclipse, there was almost no sound on the island except the chirping of crickets, because the government told the local people to keep quiet and not to light fires to avoid creating smoke and disturbing the observations. The team shipped the instruments back on May 2, and the team members departed the island on May 4. They first arrived in Suva, capital of the Colony of Fiji on May 6, and departed again on May 11 and arrived in Sydney on May 17. The British in charge boarded the ship with the instruments leaving Sydney on June 10 and arriving in Tilbury on July 23.[6]

Eclipse details

[edit]

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[7]

April 28, 1911 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 1911 April 28 at 19:49:01.8 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 1911 April 28 at 20:44:54.8 UTC
First Central Line 1911 April 28 at 20:45:58.7 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 1911 April 28 at 20:47:02.6 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact 1911 April 28 at 21:45:34.0 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 1911 April 28 at 22:16:23.0 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 1911 April 28 at 22:24:59.5 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 1911 April 28 at 22:27:21.8 UTC
Greatest Duration 1911 April 28 at 22:34:25.8 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact 1911 April 28 at 23:09:25.1 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 1911 April 29 at 00:07:45.8 UTC
Last Central Line 1911 April 29 at 00:08:51.3 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 1911 April 29 at 00:09:56.8 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 1911 April 29 at 01:05:42.7 UTC
April 28, 1911 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 1.05617
Eclipse Obscuration 1.11549
Gamma −0.22939
Sun Right Ascension 02h20m34.5s
Sun Declination +14°01'17.3"
Sun Semi-Diameter 15'52.8"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.7"
Moon Right Ascension 02h20m58.3s
Moon Declination +13°48'41.7"
Moon Semi-Diameter 16'29.9"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 1°00'33.0"
ΔT 12.1 s

Eclipse season

[edit]

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of April–May 1911
April 28
Ascending node (new moon)
May 13
Descending node (full moon)
Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 127
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 139
[edit]

Eclipses in 1911

[edit]

Metonic

[edit]

Tzolkinex

[edit]

Half-Saros

[edit]

Tritos

[edit]

Solar Saros 127

[edit]

Inex

[edit]

Triad

[edit]

Solar eclipses of 1910–1913

[edit]

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[8]

The partial solar eclipse on August 31, 1913 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1910 to 1913
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
117 May 9, 1910

Total
−0.9437 122 November 2, 1910

Partial
1.0603
127 April 28, 1911

Total
−0.2294 132 October 22, 1911

Annular
0.3224
137 April 17, 1912

Hybrid
0.528 142 October 10, 1912

Total
−0.4149
147 April 6, 1913

Partial
1.3147 152 September 30, 1913

Partial
−1.1005

Saros 127

[edit]

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 127, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 82 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on October 10, 991 AD. It contains total eclipses from May 14, 1352 through August 15, 2091. There are no annular or hybrid eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 82 as a partial eclipse on March 21, 2452. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 31 at 5 minutes, 40 seconds on August 30, 1532. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[9]

Series members 46–68 occur between 1801 and 2200:
46 47 48

February 21, 1803

March 4, 1821

March 15, 1839
49 50 51

March 25, 1857

April 6, 1875

April 16, 1893
52 53 54

April 28, 1911

May 9, 1929

May 20, 1947
55 56 57

May 30, 1965

June 11, 1983

June 21, 2001
58 59 60

July 2, 2019

July 13, 2037

July 24, 2055
61 62 63

August 3, 2073

August 15, 2091

August 26, 2109
64 65 66

September 6, 2127

September 16, 2145

September 28, 2163
67 68

October 8, 2181

October 19, 2199

Metonic series

[edit]

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

22 eclipse events between December 2, 1880 and July 9, 1964
December 2–3 September 20–21 July 9–10 April 26–28 February 13–14
111 113 115 117 119

December 2, 1880

July 9, 1888

April 26, 1892

February 13, 1896
121 123 125 127 129

December 3, 1899

September 21, 1903

July 10, 1907

April 28, 1911

February 14, 1915
131 133 135 137 139

December 3, 1918

September 21, 1922

July 9, 1926

April 28, 1930

February 14, 1934
141 143 145 147 149

December 2, 1937

September 21, 1941

July 9, 1945

April 28, 1949

February 14, 1953
151 153 155

December 2, 1956

September 20, 1960

July 9, 1964

Tritos series

[edit]

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

March 4, 1802
(Saros 117)

February 1, 1813
(Saros 118)

January 1, 1824
(Saros 119)

November 30, 1834
(Saros 120)

October 30, 1845
(Saros 121)

September 29, 1856
(Saros 122)

August 29, 1867
(Saros 123)

July 29, 1878
(Saros 124)

June 28, 1889
(Saros 125)

May 28, 1900
(Saros 126)

April 28, 1911
(Saros 127)

March 28, 1922
(Saros 128)

February 24, 1933
(Saros 129)

January 25, 1944
(Saros 130)

December 25, 1954
(Saros 131)

November 23, 1965
(Saros 132)

October 23, 1976
(Saros 133)

September 23, 1987
(Saros 134)

August 22, 1998
(Saros 135)

July 22, 2009
(Saros 136)

June 21, 2020
(Saros 137)

May 21, 2031
(Saros 138)

April 20, 2042
(Saros 139)

March 20, 2053
(Saros 140)

February 17, 2064
(Saros 141)

January 16, 2075
(Saros 142)

December 16, 2085
(Saros 143)

November 15, 2096
(Saros 144)

October 16, 2107
(Saros 145)

September 15, 2118
(Saros 146)

August 15, 2129
(Saros 147)

July 14, 2140
(Saros 148)

June 14, 2151
(Saros 149)

May 14, 2162
(Saros 150)

April 12, 2173
(Saros 151)

March 12, 2184
(Saros 152)

February 10, 2195
(Saros 153)

Inex series

[edit]

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

June 26, 1824
(Saros 124)

June 6, 1853
(Saros 125)

May 17, 1882
(Saros 126)

April 28, 1911
(Saros 127)

April 7, 1940
(Saros 128)

March 18, 1969
(Saros 129)

February 26, 1998
(Saros 130)

February 6, 2027
(Saros 131)

January 16, 2056
(Saros 132)

December 27, 2084
(Saros 133)

December 8, 2113
(Saros 134)

November 17, 2142
(Saros 135)

October 29, 2171
(Saros 136)

October 9, 2200
(Saros 137)

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ "April 28–29, 1911 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  2. ^ "SOLAR ECLIPSE TODAY WILL BE ADVANTAGE TO SCIENCE". Billings Evening Journal. Billings, Montana. 1911-04-28. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-11-03 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ^ "The eclipse to be seen". The Southern Star. Bega, New South Wales, Australia. 1911-04-29. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-11-03 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. ^ "TO-DAY'S SOLAR ECLIPSE". The Sun. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 1911-04-29. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-11-03 – via Newspapers.com.
  5. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  6. ^ A. L. Cortie (19 September 1912). "Report on the Total Solar Eclipse of 1911, April 28. (Observed by the Expedition of the Joint Permanent Eclipse Committee to Vavau, Tonga Islands, South Pacific.)". 87 (595). 皇家学会: 293–301. Archived from the original on 10 December 2019. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. ^ "Total Solar Eclipse of 1911 Apr 28". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  8. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  9. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 127". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

References

[edit]