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Solar eclipse of January 26, 1990

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Solar eclipse of January 26, 1990
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma−0.9457
Magnitude0.967
Maximum eclipse
Duration123 s (2 min 3 s)
Coordinates71°00′S 22°12′W / 71°S 22.2°W / -71; -22.2
Max. width of band373 km (232 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse19:31:24
References
Saros121 (59 of 71)
Catalog # (SE5000)9486

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Friday, January 26, 1990,[1] with a magnitude of 0.967. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring 7.1 days after apogee (on January 19, 1990, at 16:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[2]

Annularity was visible from a part of Antarctica. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Antarctica, southern and eastern South America, and New Zealand.

Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[3]

January 26, 1990 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 1990 January 26 at 17:14:16.9 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 1990 January 26 at 18:52:41.6 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 1990 January 26 at 18:52:52.1 UTC
First Central Line 1990 January 26 at 18:56:20.7 UTC
Greatest Duration 1990 January 26 at 18:56:20.7 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 1990 January 26 at 19:00:22.0 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 1990 January 26 at 19:20:58.8 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 1990 January 26 at 19:31:23.9 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 1990 January 26 at 20:02:53.7 UTC
Last Central Line 1990 January 26 at 20:06:51.8 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 1990 January 26 at 20:10:27.5 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 1990 January 26 at 21:48:40.7 UTC
January 26, 1990 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 0.96698
Eclipse Obscuration 0.93506
Gamma −0.94571
Sun Right Ascension 20h35m55.4s
Sun Declination -18°37'40.0"
Sun Semi-Diameter 16'14.5"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.9"
Moon Right Ascension 20h37m14.5s
Moon Declination -19°28'27.1"
Moon Semi-Diameter 15'38.0"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°57'22.4"
ΔT 56.9 s

Eclipse season

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This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of January–February 1990
January 26
Ascending node (new moon)
February 9
Descending node (full moon)
Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 121
Total lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 133
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Eclipses in 1990

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 121

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 1990–1992

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[4]

Solar eclipse series sets from 1990 to 1992
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
121 January 26, 1990

Annular
−0.9457 126

Partial in Finland
July 22, 1990

Total
0.7597
131 January 15, 1991

Annular
−0.2727 136

Totality in Playas del Coco,
Costa Rica
July 11, 1991

Total
−0.0041
141 January 4, 1992

Annular
0.4091 146 June 30, 1992

Total
−0.7512
151 December 24, 1992

Partial
1.0711

Saros 121

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 121, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on April 25, 944 AD. It contains total eclipses from July 10, 1070 through October 9, 1809; hybrid eclipses on October 20, 1827 and October 30, 1845; and annular eclipses from November 11, 1863 through February 28, 2044. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on June 7, 2206. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 39 at 6 minutes, 20 seconds on June 21, 1629, and the longest duration of annularity will be produced by member 62 at 2 minutes, 27 seconds on February 28, 2044. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[5]

Series members 49–70 occur between 1801 and 2200:
49 50 51

October 9, 1809

October 20, 1827

October 30, 1845
52 53 54

November 11, 1863

November 21, 1881

December 3, 1899
55 56 57

December 14, 1917

December 25, 1935

January 5, 1954
58 59 60

January 16, 1972

January 26, 1990

February 7, 2008
61 62 63

February 17, 2026

February 28, 2044

March 11, 2062
64 65 66

March 21, 2080

April 1, 2098

April 13, 2116
67 68 69

April 24, 2134

May 4, 2152

May 16, 2170
70

May 26, 2188

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

21 eclipse events between June 21, 1982 and June 21, 2058
June 21 April 8–9 January 26 November 13–14 September 1–2
117 119 121 123 125

June 21, 1982

April 9, 1986

January 26, 1990

November 13, 1993

September 2, 1997
127 129 131 133 135

June 21, 2001

April 8, 2005

January 26, 2009

November 13, 2012

September 1, 2016
137 139 141 143 145

June 21, 2020

April 8, 2024

January 26, 2028

November 14, 2031

September 2, 2035
147 149 151 153 155

June 21, 2039

April 9, 2043

January 26, 2047

November 14, 2050

September 2, 2054
157

June 21, 2058

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1837 and 2200

April 5, 1837
(Saros 107)

March 5, 1848
(Saros 108)

February 3, 1859
(Saros 109)

December 2, 1880
(Saros 111)

August 31, 1913
(Saros 114)

July 31, 1924
(Saros 115)

June 30, 1935
(Saros 116)

May 30, 1946
(Saros 117)

April 30, 1957
(Saros 118)

March 28, 1968
(Saros 119)

February 26, 1979
(Saros 120)

January 26, 1990
(Saros 121)

December 25, 2000
(Saros 122)

November 25, 2011
(Saros 123)

October 25, 2022
(Saros 124)

September 23, 2033
(Saros 125)

August 23, 2044
(Saros 126)

July 24, 2055
(Saros 127)

June 22, 2066
(Saros 128)

May 22, 2077
(Saros 129)

April 21, 2088
(Saros 130)

March 21, 2099
(Saros 131)

February 18, 2110
(Saros 132)

January 19, 2121
(Saros 133)

December 19, 2131
(Saros 134)

November 17, 2142
(Saros 135)

October 17, 2153
(Saros 136)

September 16, 2164
(Saros 137)

August 16, 2175
(Saros 138)

July 16, 2186
(Saros 139)

June 15, 2197
(Saros 140)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

May 27, 1816
(Saros 115)

May 6, 1845
(Saros 116)

April 16, 1874
(Saros 117)

March 29, 1903
(Saros 118)

March 7, 1932
(Saros 119)

February 15, 1961
(Saros 120)

January 26, 1990
(Saros 121)

January 6, 2019
(Saros 122)

December 16, 2047
(Saros 123)

November 26, 2076
(Saros 124)

November 6, 2105
(Saros 125)

October 17, 2134
(Saros 126)

September 28, 2163
(Saros 127)

September 6, 2192
(Saros 128)

Notes

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  1. ^ "January 26, 1990 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  2. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  3. ^ "Annular Solar Eclipse of 1990 Jan 26". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  4. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  5. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 121". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

References

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